新概念英语第三册lesson 25 The Cutty Sark

Lesson 25:The Cutty Sark
         “卡蒂萨克”号帆船
         
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What piece of bad luck prevented the Cutty Sark from winning the race?

    One of the most famous sailing ships of the nineteenth century, the Cutty Sark, can still be seen at Greewich. She stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of people each year. She serves as an impressive reminder¹ of the great ships of past. Before they were replaced by steamships³, sailing vessels⁵ like the Cutty Sark were used to carry tea from China and wool from Australia. The Cutty Sark was one the fastest sailing ships that has ever been built. The only other ship to match her was the Thermopylae. Both these ships set out from Shanghai on June 18th, 1872 on an exciting race to England. This race, which went on for exactly four exactly four months, was the last of its kind. It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era.
    The first of the two ships to reach Java after the race had begun was the Thermopylae, but on the Indian Ocean, the Cutty Sark took lead. It seemed certain that she would be the first ship home, but during the race she had a lot of bad luck. In August, she was struck by a very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away. The Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer⁶ her. A temporary rudder was made on board from spare planks⁸ and it was fitted with great difficulty. This greatly reduced the speed of the ship, for there was a danger that if she traveled too quickly, this rudder would be torn away as well. Because of this, the Cutty Sark lost her lead. After crossing the Equator, the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted, but by now the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead. Though the new rudder was fitted at tremendous speed, it was impossible for the Cutty Sark to win. She arrived in England a week after the Thermopylae. Even this was remarkable⁹, considering that she had had so many delays. These is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.

New words and expressions 生词和短语

     impressive
adj. 给人深刻印象的

     steamship²
n.   蒸汽轮船

     vessel⁴
n.   轮船，大木船

     era
n.   时期，时代

     Java
n.   爪哇（印度尼西亚一岛）

     rudder
n.   舵

     roll
v.   颠簸，摇摆

     steer
v.   掌握方向

     temporary
adj. 临时的

     plank⁷
n.   大块木板

     fit
v.   安装

     Equator
n.   赤道

     delay
n.   耽误

参考译文

    人们在格林威治仍可看到19世纪最有名的帆船之一“卡蒂萨克”号。它停在陆地上，每年接待成千上万的参观者。它给人们留下深刻的印象，使人们回忆起历史上的巨型帆船，在蒸汽船取代帆船之前。“卡蒂萨克”号之类的帆船被用来从中国运回茶叶，从澳大利亚运回羊毛。“卡蒂萨克”号是帆船制造史上建造的最快的一艘帆船。唯一可以与之一比高低的是“塞姆皮雷”号帆船。两船于1872年6月18日同时从上海启航驶往英国，途中展开了一场激烈的比赛。这场比赛持续了整整4个月，是这类比赛中的最后一次，它标志着帆船伟大传统的结束与一个新纪元的开始。
    比赛开始后，“赛姆皮雷”号率先抵达爪哇岛。但在印度洋上，“卡萨萨克”号驶到了前面。看来，它首先返抵英国是确信无疑的了，但它却在比赛中连遭厄运。8月份“卡蒂萨克”号遭到一场特大风暴的袭击，失去了一只舵。船身左右摇晃，无法操纵。船员用备用的木板在船上赶制了一只应急用的舵，并克服重重困难将舵安装就位，这样一来，大大降低了船的航速。因为船不能开得太快，否则就有危险，应急舵也会被刮走。因为这个缘故，“卡蒂萨克”号落到了后面。跨越赤道后，船长将船停靠在一个港口，在那儿换了一只舵。但此时，“赛姆皮雷”号早已在500多英里之遥了。尽管换装新舵时分秒必争，但“卡蒂萨克”号已经不可能取胜了，它抵达英国时比“塞姆皮雷”号晚了1个星期。但考虑到路上的多次耽搁，这个成绩也已很不容易了。毫无疑问，如果中途没有失去舵， “卡帝萨克”号肯定能在比赛中轻易夺冠。

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　　自学导读
Notes on the text
课文注释
1  Cutty Sark，“卡蒂萨克”号，19世纪一艘著名的帆船。现在这艘船在伦敦格林威治作为展品被保护了起来。在轮船时代以前，它是那时侯最快的帆船。
2  both these ships，这两艘船。
也可写成 both of these ships或 both ships。
3  The first of the two ships to reach Java…，两艘船中首先到达爪哇的……。不定式短语 to reach Java此处作定语，修饰 first，中间被另一个修饰 first的介词短语 of the two ships所分开。
4  take the lead，领先。
lose one's lead，失去其领先地位。
5  There is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily. 毫无疑问，如果中途没有失去舵，“卡蒂萨克”号肯定能在比赛中轻易夺冠。这是一个虚拟语气的句子，是对过去的一种假设。

　　Multiple choice questions
多项选择题
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension 理解
1  The fame of the Cutty Sark rests mainly upon ______ .
a．the number of tourists who come to visit her annually¹⁰
b．her likeness¹¹ to other great sailing ships of the past
c．her being one of the last and one of the fastest of a line of great sailing ships
d．her victory in the race against the Thermopylae
2  The race which took place between the Cutty Sark and the Thermopylae was ______ .
a．a landmark¹² in the history of shipping¹³
b．held to celebrate the invention of the steamship
c．held especially for sailing ships on the route from Shanghai to London
d．unusually slow because the Cutty Sark lost her rudder en route
3  During the race, the most remarkable feat¹⁴ of the Cutty Sark was ______ .
a．although last to reach Java, to take the lead on the Indian Ocean
b．the fact that she managed to sail into port without a rudder
c．the speed at which she was sailing while having a new rudder fitted
d．the speed at which she made up the gap between her and the Thermopylae
Structure结构
4  The Cutty Sark ______ at Greenwich. (11. 1-2)
a．is still possible to see
b．is able still to be seen
c．may still be seen
d．is still possibly seen
5  Before ______ , vessels like the Cutty Sark were used … (11. 4-6)
a．steamships replaced sail
b．the steamship replaced the sailing ship
c．steamships replaced sailing
d．the steam replaced the sail
6  It seemed certain that she ______ the first ship home. (1. 12)
a．would go to be
b．would be going to be
c．went
d．was going to be
7  The Thermopylae arrived in England only a weak before ______ . (11. 19-20)
a．she did
b．she was
c．herself
d．she had arrived
8  ______ her rudder, there is no doubt she would have won…(1. 21)
a．That if she had not lost
b．Not having lost
c．Were she not to lose
d．Had she not lost
Vocabulary词汇
9  ---- on dry land and ______ thousands of visitors each year. (11. 2-3)
a．appeals to
b．attracts
c．catches
d．pulls
10  On June 18th, 1872  both these ships ______ an exciting race from Shanghai to England. (1. 8)
a．set out on
b．departed for
c．entered
d．went for
11  On the Indian Ocean, the Cutty Sark went ______ the lead. (11. 11-12)
a．into
b．on
c．for
d．after
12  Even this was remarkable, ______ the numerous delays. (11. 20-21)
a．in respect of
b．according to
c．in view of
d．accounting¹⁵

Notes on the text
I have a very nice impression of Beijing.
l    dinghy救生筏（两三人）
├lifeboat救生船
├destroyer驱逐舰
├submarine潜水艇
├aircraft carrier航母
└motor ship摩托艇
┌era时代new era
├information age
├Internet age
└hard times艰难岁月
Never walk in anyone’s shadow.走自己的路
l    medical students
└medical workers医务工作者
social student研究社会学的学生
l    eye-catching抢眼的
├notable        ┬引人注意的
├not　　iceable    ┘
└striking吸引人的
┌steer clear of = avoid避开
└steer掌握方向
┌install装（空调、软件）
├fit安上
└fix修理后安装
l    without delay没有耽误
└so many delays耽误许多
┌at Oxford用at不是in
└at Greenwich格林威志
l    serve as被用作
She serves as a teacher.
This book serves as a weapon.
The sound made by bird can serve as language.
The picture serves as an impressive reminder of my miserable（苦难的） childhood.
l    标志…的开始…的结束
It marked the beginning of…and the end of…
It marked the beginning of a new era.
l    take the lead领先
┌It seems that
├It seems certain that
└看起来确实无疑的
I will take bus home.
Road home.回家的路
┌Wish you good luck.
└a lot of bad luck
l    be struck by被击中
┌heavy storm雨雪都用此表大
├wild wind狂风
└strong wind强风
┌tear away撕开
├tear up撕碎
└tear off撕下来
It became impossible to steer the ship.变得
on board在船上
with great difficulty = 副词
l    He has danger（错误的表达）
There is a danger that he will fail to pass the exam.
There is a danger that if you don’t work harder you’ll fail to reach your goal.目标
┌call in at a port让船停在港口
└call in a doctor叫医生
considering +    ┬名词
考虑到    └that句子
Considering his great age.
Considering that he is a boy.
l    here and there到处
├to and from来来往往
┕up and down到处，来回
┌from side to side
├neck to neck并驾齐驱
├hand in hand手拉手
└shoulder by shoulder肩并肩

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1 reminder   

n.提醒物，纪念品；暗示，提示

参考例句：

• I have had another reminder from the library.我又收到图书馆的催还单。
• It always took a final reminder to get her to pay her share of the rent.总是得发给她一份最后催缴通知，她才付应该交的房租。

2 steamship   

n.汽船，轮船

参考例句：

• The return may be made on the same steamship.可乘同一艘汽船当天回来。
• It was so foggy that the steamship almost ran down a small boat leaving the port.雾很大，汽艇差点把一只正在离港的小船撞沉。

3 steamships   

n.汽船，大轮船( steamship的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Berths on steamships can be booked a long while in advance. 轮船上的床位可以提前多日预订。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The sailing ships were superseded by the steamships. 帆船已被汽船所取代。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

4 vessel   

n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管

参考例句：

• The vessel is fully loaded with cargo for Shanghai.这艘船满载货物驶往上海。
• You should put the water into a vessel.你应该把水装入容器中。

5 vessels   

n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人

参考例句：

• The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

6 steer   

vt.驾驶，为…操舵；引导；vi.驾驶

参考例句：

• If you push the car, I'll steer it.如果你来推车，我就来驾车。
• It's no use trying to steer the boy into a course of action that suits you.想说服这孩子按你的方式行事是徒劳的。

7 plank   

n.板条，木板，政策要点，政纲条目

参考例句：

• The plank was set against the wall.木板靠着墙壁。
• They intend to win the next election on the plank of developing trade.他们想以发展贸易的纲领来赢得下次选举。

8 planks   

（厚）木板( plank的名词复数 )； 政纲条目，政策要点

参考例句：

• The house was built solidly of rough wooden planks. 这房子是用粗木板牢固地建造的。
• We sawed the log into planks. 我们把木头锯成了木板。

9 remarkable   

adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的

参考例句：

• She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
• These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。

10 annually   

adv.一年一次，每年

参考例句：

• Many migratory birds visit this lake annually.许多候鸟每年到这个湖上作短期逗留。
• They celebrate their wedding anniversary annually.他们每年庆祝一番结婚纪念日。

11 likeness   

n.相像，相似（之处）

参考例句：

• I think the painter has produced a very true likeness.我认为这位画家画得非常逼真。
• She treasured the painted likeness of her son.她珍藏她儿子的画像。

12 landmark   

n.陆标，划时代的事，地界标

参考例句：

• The Russian Revolution represents a landmark in world history.俄国革命是世界历史上的一个里程碑。
• The tower was once a landmark for ships.这座塔曾是船只的陆标。

13 shipping   

n.船运（发货，运输，乘船）

参考例句：

• We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
• There's a shipping charge of ￡5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。

14 feat   

n.功绩；武艺，技艺；adj.灵巧的，漂亮的，合适的

参考例句：

• Man's first landing on the moon was a feat of great daring.人类首次登月是一个勇敢的壮举。
• He received a medal for his heroic feat.他因其英雄业绩而获得一枚勋章。

15 accounting   

n.会计，会计学，借贷对照表

参考例句：

• A job fell vacant in the accounting department.财会部出现了一个空缺。
• There's an accounting error in this entry.这笔账目里有差错。