新概念英语第三册lesson 39 Nothing to worry about

Lesson 39:Nothing to worry about 不必担心
        
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What was the difference between Bruce's behaviour and that of other people?

    The rough across the plain soon became so bad that we tried to get Bruce to drive back to the village we had come from. Even though the road was littered with boulders² and pitted with holes, Bruce was not in the least perturbed⁴. Glancing at his map, he informed us that the next village was a mere⁵ twenty miles away. It was not that Bruce always underestimated difficulties. He simply had no sense of danger at all. No matter what the conditions were, he believed that a car should be driven as fast as it could possibly go.
    As we bumped over eh dusty track, we swerved⁷ to avoid large boulders. The wheels scooped⁹ up stones which hammered ominously¹⁰ under the car. We felt sure that sooner or later a stone would rip a hole in our petrol tank or damage the engine. Because of this, we kept looking back, wondering if we were leaving a trail of oil and petrol behind us.
    What a relief it was when the boulders suddenly disappeared, giving way to a stretch of plain where the only obstacles were clumps¹² of bushes. But there was worse to come. Just ahead of us there was a huge fissure¹³. In response to renewed pleadings, Bruce stopped. Though we all got out to examine the fissure, he remained in the car. We informed him that the fissure extended for fifty years and was tow feet wide and four feet deep. Even this had no effect. Bruce went into a low gear and drove at a terrifying speed, keeping the front wheels astride the crack as he followed its zigzag¹⁴ course. Before we had time to worry about what might happen, we were back on the plain again. Bruce consulted the map once more and told us that the village was now only fifteen miles away. Our next obstacle was a shallow pool of water about half a mile across. Bruce charged at it, but in the middle, the car came to a grinding half. A yellow light on the dashboard flashed angrily and Bruce cheerfully announced that there was no oil in the engine!

New words and expressions 生词和短语

     rough
adj. 崎岖不平的

     boulder¹
n.   大石块

     pit
v.   使得坑坑洼洼

     perturb³
v.   使不安

     underestimate
v.   低估

     swerve⁶
v.   急转变

     scoop⁸
v.   挖出

     hammer
v.   （用锤）击打，锤打

     ominously
adv. 有预兆的，不祥的

     rip
v.   划破，撕，扯

     petrol
n.   汽油

     stretch
n.   一大片（平地或水）

     obstacle
n.   障碍

     clump¹¹
n.   丛，簇

     fissure
n.   （石，地的）深缝

     renew
v.   重复

     pleading
n.   恳求

     gear
n.   汽车排档

     astride
prep.骑，跨

     crack
n.   缝隙

     zigzag
n.  “之”字形

     shallow
adj. 浅的

     grind (ground, ground)
v.   磨擦

     halt
n.   停
 
     dashboard
n.   （汽车上的）仪表盘

参考译文

    穿越平原的道路高低不平，开车走了不远，路面愈加崎岖。我们想劝说布鲁斯把车开回我们出发的那个村庄去。尽管路面布满石头，坑坑洼洼，但布鲁斯却一点儿不慌乱。他瞥了一眼地图，告诉我们前面再走不到20英里就是一个村庄。这并不是说布鲁斯总是低估困难，而是他压根儿没有一点儿危险感。他认为不管路面情况如何，车必须以最高速度前进。
    我们在尘士飞扬的道路上颠簸，车子东拐西弯，以躲开那些大圆石。车轮搅起的石块锤击车身，发出不祥的锤击声。我们想念迟早会飞起一个石块把油箱砸开一个窟窿，或者把发动机砸坏。因此，我们不时地掉过头，怀疑车后是否留下了机油和汽油的痕迹。
    突然大石块不见了，前面是一片平地，唯一的障碍只有一簇簇灌木丛。这使我们长长地松了口气。但是更糟糕的事情在等着我们，离我们不远处，出现一个大裂缝。我们再次央求布鲁斯小心，他这才把车停了下来。我们纷纷下车察看那个大裂缝，他却呆在车上。我们告诉他那个大裂缝长50码，宽2英尺，深4英尺。这也没有对他产生任何影响。布鲁斯挂上慢档，把两只前轮分别搁在裂缝的两边，顺着弯弯曲曲的裂缝，以发疯的速度向前开去。我们还未来得及担心后果，车已重新开上了平地。布鲁斯又看了一眼地图，告诉我们那座村庄离我们只有15英里了。下一个障碍是一片约半英里宽的浅水塘。布鲁斯向水塘冲去，但车开到水塘当中，嘎吱一声停住了。仪表盘一盏黄灯闪着刺眼的光芒，布鲁斯兴致勃勃地宣布发动机里没油了！

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　　自学导读
课文详注 Further notes on the text
1．Am I all right？（标题）我是否痊愈？
all right 在不同的上下文中会有不同的含义。当指人的健康状况时，它可以表示
“安然无恙的”、“良好的”：
I was not very well last week, but I feel all right now.
我上星期有点不舒服，不过我现在觉得好了。
2．… he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful, but the doctor refused to do so．……他问医生他的手术是否成功，但医生拒绝告诉他。
whether引导的从句在句中作动词 tell 的直接宾语，是一个间接一般疑问句。（cf．本课语法）
so在这里为代词，代替前面的动词不定式（在 to tell himwhether…）。它一般出现 believe, do, expect, hope, say, tell, think, appear等之后：
3．The following day, the patient asked for a bedside telephone. 第2天，这位病人要了一部床头电话。
（1）following 在这里相当于next，
表示“紧接着的”、“其次的”。
（2）ask for 在这句话中表示“请求”、“要求（得到某个东西）”；在下一句话（…asked for Doctor Millington）中它表示“要求（某人）来（接电话）”。
4．…Mr．Gilbert said he was inquiring about a certain patient ,a Mr．John Gilbert．……
吉尔伯特先生说他想询问一个病人的情况，是一位名叫约翰·吉尔伯特的先生。
（1）certain 在这里没有“肯定的”、“确实的”等含义，而表示“某一”、
“某位”，
暗指说话者或说话对象可能对这人/这事不大清楚/熟悉，或所指的这个人身份不大清楚：
Many years ago a certain doctor arrived in London.
许多年以前，有某个医生来到了伦敦。
（2）在第6课的语法中，我们提到姓名前不加冠词。但是，a/an有时可以用在称呼（Mr．，Mrs．，Miss等）前面，表示“我不认识的某某人”：
A Mr．Gilbert phoned and left a message for you.
一位姓吉尔伯特的先生给您打来电话并留了言。
这种情况下，a通常与表示“某一”
的 certain 连用：
A certain Mrs．Hart is waiting to see you.
有位哈特夫人正等着见您。
5．He then asked when Mr．Gilbert would be allowed to go bome…
然后他又问吉尔伯特先生什么时候可以回家……
would be allowed 为被动语态用于过去将来时。 when引导的从句为间接疑问词疑问句。（cf．本课语法）
6．for another two weeks，又两个星期。
another 作为限定词表示“另一个”、“再一个”的时候，通常与可数的单数名词连用，不和复数形式连用；但是后面可以跟基数
词/few+复数名词（它们被当成一个整体）：
Do you need another cup of coffee?
你要不要再来一杯咖啡？
I need another three driving lessons before my test.
考试前我还需上3节驾驶课。
I need another few hours before I can finish my homework.
我还需几个小时才能做完作业。

　　语法 Grammar in use
间接引语：间接疑问句
在第15课的语法中，我们学习了间接引语的基本形式和间接陈述句的用法（包括时态变化等）。疑问句变为间接疑问句时有一些独特的规律。
首先引号和问号不再使用。其次，直接疑问句中的倒装语序在转述疑问句里要还原为陈述句语序（主语+动词）。同时，如有必要，还需改变时态。
（1）间接一般疑问句
转述一般疑问句时必须使用if或 whether，不可省略。助动词do/does和did在转述疑问句里消失了
ask, want to know, wonder 等后面的if和 whether通常可以互换，但是whether表示的怀疑程度比if稍大。
在表示两者挑一时更常用 whether：
She asked me whether I wanted tea or coffee.
她问我要茶还是要咖啡。转述疑问句中带有or not时，通常用 whether引导
He wants to know whether or not we want dinner.
他想知道我们想不想吃饭。（不能用if or not）
（2）间接疑问词疑问句
在转述疑问词疑问句时，不加 whether或 if，
通常用原来的疑问词。有时可以将一般疑问句转述为间接疑问词疑问句
在针对主语提问的间接疑问句中，时态和情态助动词照常有变化，但语序保持不变

　　词汇学习 Word study
1．exchange
（1）vt．换，更换，调换（指同类事物之间）：
If you don't like the colour of this dress, you can exchange the dress in the shop.
你如果不喜欢这件衣服的颜色，你可以去商店换一件。
I want to exchange the red skirt for a blue one.
我想把这条红裙子换成蓝色的。
（2）vt．交换，互换：
I met Frank at a bus stop this afternoon and we exchanged a few words.
我今天下午在一个公共汽车站碰见了弗兰克，我们聊了几句。
Did you exchange gifts after the party?
晚会结束后，你们交换礼物了吗？
（3）n．电话交换台：
He telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for Doctor Millington.
他挂通了医院的交换台，要求与米灵顿医生讲话。
2．inquire
（1）vt．，vi．打听，询问：
He wanted to inquire about a certain patient.
他想打听一位病人的情况。
A Mr. John Gilbert inquired your telephone number.
一位名叫约翰·吉尔伯特的先生打听您的电话号码。
（2）vi．调查，查问：
He didn't tell the truth when the police inquired into the accident.
当警方调查这次事故时，他没有说实话。
（3）vi．求见（某人），要找（某人）：
She inquired for the manager.
她想见经理。
Who are you inquiring for?
你找谁？

　　练习答案 Key to written exercises
多项选择题答案
1 d  2 a  3 c  4 d  5 d  6 a
7 b  8 a  9 c  10 c  11 a  12 b
课堂笔记
key structures
如果直接引语是问句，变为间接引语时，主句不说e said，而用he asked
told可以跟问句连，还可以跟陈述句连
祈使句：唯一不以从句方式表达的
tell sb to do sth
ask sb to do sth
以that引导的是陈述句
has my operation been successful？
1、certain 前加数字表某几个
2、following取代next
3、alone表示单独的，客观事实上的
a＋人名前面，表示某一个拥有这个特征的人
multiple choice questions
7、a、has done 已经做的
b、must do必须做的
c、must be doing
must 后面＋原形，＋be doing，＋have done属于推测句型的三种结构
must＋v（原形）：1、＝have to 不得不
2、很可能，对现在或者将来的推测
must be doing对说话的当时的正在进行的行为的推测
must have done对过去的事情的推测
must have been doing对过去的正在进行的动作的推测
11、on one's own ＝ alone
of one's own 某人自己的
12、knowledge学问
information信息，不可数名词
message可数名词
3、take sb to hospital送某人去医院
5、for what 因为...在疑问句中＝why
ask for 要求得到

1 boulder   

n.巨砾；卵石，圆石

参考例句：

• We all heaved together and removed the boulder.大家一齐用劲，把大石头搬开了。
• He stepped clear of the boulder.他从大石头后面走了出来。

2 boulders   

n.卵石( boulder的名词复数 )；巨砾；（受水或天气侵蚀而成的）巨石；漂砾

参考例句：

• Seals basked on boulders in a flat calm. 海面风平浪静，海豹在巨石上晒太阳。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The river takes a headlong plunge into a maelstrom of rocks and boulders. 河水急流而下，入一个漂砾的漩涡中。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 perturb   

v.使不安，烦扰，扰乱，使紊乱

参考例句：

• Stellar passings can perturb the orbits of comets.行星的运行会使彗星的轨道发生扰动。
• They perturb good social order with their lie and propaganda.他们以谎言和宣传扰乱良好的社会秩序。

4 perturbed   

adj.烦燥不安的v.使（某人）烦恼，不安( perturb的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• I am deeply perturbed by the alarming way the situation developing. 我对形势令人忧虑的发展深感不安。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Mother was much perturbed by my illness. 母亲为我的病甚感烦恼不安。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

5 mere   

adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过

参考例句：

• That is a mere repetition of what you said before.那不过是重复了你以前讲的话。
• It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer.再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。

6 swerve   

v.突然转向，背离；n．转向，弯曲，背离

参考例句：

• Nothing will swerve him from his aims.什么也不能使他改变目标。
• Her car swerved off the road into a 6ft high brick wall.她的车突然转向冲出了马路，撞向6英尺高的一面砖墙。

7 swerved   

v.（使）改变方向，改变目的( swerve的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• She swerved sharply to avoid a cyclist. 她猛地急转弯，以躲开一个骑自行车的人。
• The driver has swerved on a sudden to avoid a file of geese. 为了躲避一队鹅，司机突然来个急转弯。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 scoop   

n.铲子，舀取，独家新闻；v.汲取，舀取，抢先登出

参考例句：

• In the morning he must get his boy to scoop it out.早上一定得叫佣人把它剜出来。
• Uh,one scoop of coffee and one scoop of chocolate for me.我要一勺咖啡的和一勺巧克力的。

9 scooped   

v.抢先报道( scoop的过去式和过去分词 )；（敏捷地）抱起；抢先获得；用铲[勺]等挖（洞等）

参考例句：

• They scooped the other newspapers by revealing the matter. 他们抢先报道了这件事。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The wheels scooped up stones which hammered ominously under the car. 车轮搅起的石块，在车身下发出不吉祥的锤击声。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 ominously   

adv.恶兆地，不吉利地；预示地

参考例句：

• The wheels scooped up stones which hammered ominously under the car. 车轮搅起的石块，在车身下发出不吉祥的锤击声。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Mammy shook her head ominously. 嬷嬷不祥地摇着头。 来自飘（部分）

11 clump   

n.树丛，草丛；vi.用沉重的脚步行走

参考例句：

• A stream meandered gently through a clump of trees.一条小溪从树丛中蜿蜒穿过。
• It was as if he had hacked with his thick boots at a clump of bluebells.仿佛他用自己的厚靴子无情地践踏了一丛野风信子。

12 clumps   

n.（树、灌木、植物等的）丛、簇( clump的名词复数 )；（土、泥等）团；块；笨重的脚步声v.（树、灌木、植物等的）丛、簇( clump的第三人称单数 )；（土、泥等）团；块；笨重的脚步声

参考例句：

• These plants quickly form dense clumps. 这些植物很快形成了浓密的树丛。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The bulbs were over. All that remained of them were clumps of brown leaves. 这些鳞茎死了，剩下的只是一丛丛的黃叶子。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 fissure   

n.裂缝；裂伤

参考例句：

• Though we all got out to examine the fissure,he remained in the car.我们纷纷下车察看那个大裂缝，他却呆在车上。
• Ground fissure is the main geological disaster in Xi'an city construction.地裂缝是西安市主要的工程地质灾害问题。

14 zigzag   

n.曲折，之字形；adj.曲折的，锯齿形的；adv.曲折地，成锯齿形地；vt.使曲折；vi.曲折前行

参考例句：

• The lightning made a zigzag in the sky.闪电在天空划出一道Z字形。
• The path runs zigzag up the hill.小径向山顶蜿蜒盘旋。