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This is scientific American's 60-Second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata. Got a minute?
The yeast1 Candida albicans ekes2 out a quiet living in our gut3. But it’s a tough life. It faces acids and enzymes4, and the immune system always bullies5 invaders6. So Candida has customized its reproductive cycle for life inside a warm-blooded host. Researchers described it in the journal Public Library of Science Biology. Human cells have two copies of each chromosome7. In sexually reproducing organisms like us, a process called meiosis halves this number. Mom’s egg and Pop’s sperm8 only have one copy of each chromosome—together they make a whole. That’s you. But Candida doesn’t bother with meiosis when it mates. So its progeny9 have double the normal amount of chromosomes10, which they randomly11 toss off til they’re near the right number again. This cycle is useful for a gut-dweller for two reasons. First, Candida often trashes fewer copies of some chromosomes and more of others. The chromosomal12 grab bag that results is genetically13 diverse, and some strains are resistant14 to antifungal drugs. Second, normal fungal sexual reproduction usually produces spores15, which the immune system can easily identify and dispose of. Without spores, Candida can better avoid getting busted16.
Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American’s 60-Second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata
1 yeast | |
n.酵母;酵母片;泡沫;v.发酵;起泡沫 | |
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2 ekes | |
v.(靠节省用量)使…的供应持久( eke的第三人称单数 );节约使用;竭力维持生计;勉强度日 | |
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3 gut | |
n.[pl.]胆量;内脏;adj.本能的;vt.取出内脏 | |
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4 enzymes | |
n. 酶,酵素 | |
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5 bullies | |
n.欺凌弱小者, 开球 vt.恐吓, 威胁, 欺负 | |
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6 invaders | |
入侵者,侵略者,侵入物( invader的名词复数 ) | |
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7 chromosome | |
n.染色体 | |
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8 sperm | |
n.精子,精液 | |
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9 progeny | |
n.后代,子孙;结果 | |
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10 chromosomes | |
n.染色体( chromosome的名词复数 ) | |
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11 randomly | |
adv.随便地,未加计划地 | |
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12 chromosomal | |
adj.染色体的 | |
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13 genetically | |
adv.遗传上 | |
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14 resistant | |
adj.(to)抵抗的,有抵抗力的 | |
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15 spores | |
n.(细菌、苔藓、蕨类植物)孢子( spore的名词复数 )v.(细菌、苔藓、蕨类植物)孢子( spore的第三人称单数 ) | |
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16 busted | |
adj. 破产了的,失败了的,被降级的,被逮捕的,被抓到的 动词bust的过去式和过去分词 | |
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