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    This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky. Got a minute?
   
    One of the dreams of biomedical scientists is to be able to transform adult cells into other kinds of cells. And thus avoid some of the ethical¹ concerns of working with embryonic² stem cells. Now a research team from McMaster University in Ontario has announced that they've been able to transform human skin cells into blood cells. The work was published online on November 7th by the journal Nature.
   
    Other research in this area has required that cells of one type first be returned to a more generally undifferentiated stem cell state, which can introduce fresh problems. Once there, the cell is then turned into the type of tissue the researchers seek. But in this case, the scientists avoided the middleman cell. The skin was changed directly into what appears to be functional⁴ adult human blood cells. The technique involves gene³ insertion by a virus vector and exposure to numerous regulatory proteins.
   
    The cells have not been tested in humans to see if they're truly indistinguishable from the home-grown kind. But the research is another step in the effort to create needed cell types from easily available ones.
   
    Thanks for the minute. For Scientific American's 60-Second Science, I'm Steve Mirsky.