英语 英语 日语 日语 韩语 韩语 法语 法语 德语 德语 西班牙语 西班牙语 意大利语 意大利语 阿拉伯语 阿拉伯语 葡萄牙语 葡萄牙语 越南语 越南语 俄语 俄语 芬兰语 芬兰语 泰语 泰语 泰语 丹麦语 泰语 对外汉语

科学美国人60秒 SSS 不同座头鲸种群聚集在一起交换歌声

时间:2019-12-10 07:42来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
特别声明:本栏目内容均从网络收集或者网友提供,供仅参考试用,我们无法保证内容完整和正确。如果资料损害了您的权益,请与站长联系,我们将及时删除并致以歉意。
    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)

 

This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Jason Goldman.

Male humpback whales are the concert singers of the marine1 world. These ocean giants belt out tunes2 that can be heard perhaps hundreds of miles away. The songs attract friends and lovers, and maybe keep rivals at bay. And now we learn that humpbacks in different ocean basins—the South Atlantic and the Indian, on opposite sides of the African continent—share melodies.

"The songs are certainly learned between individuals. So it's thought to be the best example of horizontal cultural transmission—so from peer to peer, rather than from parent to offspring."

Melinda Rekdahl, Marine Conservation Scientist with the Wildlife Conservation Society's Ocean Giants Program.

The International Whaling Commission has identified seven distinct humpback whale breeding populations in the Southern Hemisphere. These are whales that m?eet up in the same warm tropical waters each year to mate and give birth. But when mating season is over, the whales migrate to the chilly3 polar regions to gorge4 on krill.

Using genetics and photographic surveys of migrating humpbacks, researchers know that males in those colder feeding areas interact with other males from different breeding populations. But scientists did not know that this meetup provides the whales with the opportunity to have vocal6 jam sessions—where they trade melodies.

And the amount of song overlap7 between the whales that breed off of Gabon, in the Atlantic, and those that breed near Madagascar, in the Indian Ocean, varies year to year. That's according to a study of more than 1,500 individual sounds that were recorded between 2001 and 2005. The results are in the journal Royal Society Open Science.

"It makes sense that in some years there may be different oceanographic conditions, more patchily distributed prey8, that may mean populations or individuals may have to move further to find food. And that might bring them into closer contact with neighboring populations and facilitate song exchange."

The findings present researchers with new opportunities to understand how culture is transmitted among animals. But it also allows even greater insight into the workings of populations of humpback whales.

"It shows you connectivity potentially on yearly timescales, which is what genetics information doesn't."

Genetic5 data can show that different populations had historical interactions. But songs can reveal how two populations interact on a much faster timescale. By combining song information from these populations with whales that breed off the Atlantic coast of Brazil, Rekdahl says researchers can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamics9 of global humpback whale culture.

"Humpback whale song is an incredibly unique and complex display...and it's quite amazing how complex it is, and how it is such an amazing example of culture in animals."

Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Jason Goldman.


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 marine 77Izo     
adj.海的;海生的;航海的;海事的;n.水兵
参考例句:
  • Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
  • When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时,他自愿参加了海军陆战队。
2 tunes 175b0afea09410c65d28e4b62c406c21     
n.曲调,曲子( tune的名词复数 )v.调音( tune的第三人称单数 );调整;(给收音机、电视等)调谐;使协调
参考例句:
  • a potpourri of tunes 乐曲集锦
  • When things get a bit too much, she simply tunes out temporarily. 碰到事情太棘手时,她干脆暂时撒手不管。 来自《简明英汉词典》
3 chilly pOfzl     
adj.凉快的,寒冷的
参考例句:
  • I feel chilly without a coat.我由于没有穿大衣而感到凉飕飕的。
  • I grew chilly when the fire went out.炉火熄灭后,寒气逼人。
4 gorge Zf1xm     
n.咽喉,胃,暴食,山峡;v.塞饱,狼吞虎咽地吃
参考例句:
  • East of the gorge leveled out.峡谷东面地势变得平坦起来。
  • It made my gorge rise to hear the news.这消息令我作呕。
5 genetic PgIxp     
adj.遗传的,遗传学的
参考例句:
  • It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
  • Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
6 vocal vhOwA     
adj.直言不讳的;嗓音的;n.[pl.]声乐节目
参考例句:
  • The tongue is a vocal organ.舌头是一个发音器官。
  • Public opinion at last became vocal.终于舆论哗然。
7 overlap tKixw     
v.重叠,与…交叠;n.重叠
参考例句:
  • The overlap between the jacket and the trousers is not good.夹克和裤子重叠的部分不好看。
  • Tiles overlap each other.屋瓦相互叠盖。
8 prey g1czH     
n.被掠食者,牺牲者,掠食;v.捕食,掠夺,折磨
参考例句:
  • Stronger animals prey on weaker ones.弱肉强食。
  • The lion was hunting for its prey.狮子在寻找猎物。
9 dynamics NuSzQq     
n.力学,动力学,动力,原动力;动态
参考例句:
  • In order to succeed,you must master complicated knowledge of dynamics.要取得胜利,你必须掌握很复杂的动力学知识。
  • Dynamics is a discipline that cannot be mastered without extensive practice.动力学是一门不做大量习题就不能掌握的学科。
本文本内容来源于互联网抓取和网友提交,仅供参考,部分栏目没有内容,如果您有更合适的内容,欢迎点击提交分享给大家。
------分隔线----------------------------
TAG标签:   科学美国人60秒  英语听力  sss
顶一下
(0)
0%
踩一下
(0)
0%
最新评论 查看所有评论
发表评论 查看所有评论
请自觉遵守互联网相关的政策法规,严禁发布色情、暴力、反动的言论。
评价:
表情:
验证码:
听力搜索
推荐频道
论坛新贴