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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
The compounds THC and CBD are known as cannabinoids, because they co??me from cannabis. AKA marijuana. Now biologists have taken the genes1 that produce cannabinoids in weed, and plugged them into: yeast2.
"Yeah—there's several reasons. The first is cost." Jay Keasling is a synthetic3 biologist at U.C. Berkeley, who has previously4 programmed yeast to cheaply produce antimalarial drugs. He says yeast could conceivably produce cannabinoids for about $400 a kilogram—that's compared to the $40,000-a-kilo price tag when using synthetic chemistry.
Other benefits exist, too: "There are about 100 different cannabinoids that naturally occur in cannabis but it's been hard to do research on those because there's not much available. They are produced in such minute quantities in the cannabis you'd have to purify a huge amount of cannabis just to get enough to test."
Keasling says they can even make cannabinoids that don't exist in nature at all, by feeding the yeast certain fatty acids. The resulting cannabinoids, which are chemically similar but not identical to garden-variety THC and CBD, have little appendages5 the scientists can do chemistry on.
"We could attach an antibody to it and get it to go to a certain location in the human body based on the antibody. We could also put a tail on it so it could be put on a patch and cross the skin, and be used like the nicotine6 patches. We could also put another drug on it so you'd have a dual7 action therapy. And this is something that kind of came out of the research that we didn't expect."
The research is in the journal Nature.
Keasling has already founded a new company—Demetrix—to study these yeast-produced medicines. But there are also more mundane8 things you could do with this technology. Many people are already enthusiasts9 of the fermented10 beverages11 yeast produce. A certain segment of them may also be fans of cannabinoids. With this technology, Keasling says you could produce a THC or CBD beer. Which would give a new meaning to, "This Bud's for You."
Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
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1
genes
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n.基因( gene的名词复数 ) | |
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2
yeast
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n.酵母;酵母片;泡沫;v.发酵;起泡沫 | |
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synthetic
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adj.合成的,人工的;综合的;n.人工制品 | |
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previously
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adv.以前,先前(地) | |
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appendages
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n.附属物( appendage的名词复数 );依附的人;附属器官;附属肢体(如臂、腿、尾等) | |
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6
nicotine
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n.(化)尼古丁,烟碱 | |
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dual
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adj.双的;二重的,二元的 | |
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8
mundane
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adj.平凡的;尘世的;宇宙的 | |
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enthusiasts
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n.热心人,热衷者( enthusiast的名词复数 ) | |
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10
fermented
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v.(使)发酵( ferment的过去式和过去分词 );(使)激动;骚动;骚扰 | |
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beverages
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n.饮料( beverage的名词复数 ) | |
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