科学美国人60秒 SSS 保护鲸鱼不必牺牲龙虾业

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science. I'm Jason Goldman.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学。我是杰森·古德曼。

There's a lot of cash crawling on the seafloor.

海底遍布财富。

American lobsters² bring in more money than any other U.S. fishery—a record $670 million in 2016, mostly through Maine and Massachusetts.

美国龙虾带来的收入比美国其他任何水产都要多——2016年达到创纪录的6.7亿美元，其中大多数由缅因州和马萨诸塞州创造。

The fishery relies on traditional lobster¹ harvest techniques:

渔业依赖传统龙虾收获技术：

a series of traps are dropped to the ocean floor with a long rope attached to a floating buoy³.

将连有长绳的一连串捕虾笼沉入海底，绳子另一端系在浮标上。

"During peak fishing season, there's over 900,000 vertical⁴ lines right in the middle of right whale habitat."

“在捕鱼旺季，露脊鲸栖息地中部立有90多万根竖绳。”

Graduate student Hannah Myers from the University of Alaska Fairbanks College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences.

阿拉斯加州大学费尔班克斯渔业与海洋科学学院的研究生汉娜·迈尔斯说到。

Those vertical lines entangle⁵ and kill endangered sea turtles and multiple whale species—including the North Atlantic right whales.

这些竖绳缠住并杀死濒临灭绝的海龟和包括北大西洋露脊鲸在内的多种鲸类。

Only about 400 individuals remain.

目前北大西洋露脊鲸仅剩下约400头。

And recent analyses show that the species won't survive if humans kill an average of just one whale each year.

而最近的分析表明，人类平均每年只捕杀一头鲸鱼，就会使这个物种无法生存下去。

Some estimates indicate that lobstering gear kills more than three whales each year on average.

一些评估表明，捕龙虾装置每年平均杀死三头以上的鲸鱼。

"Management problems surrounding the North Atlantic right whale and entanglements⁶ are pretty significant and have been really challenging to move forward.

“围绕北大西洋露脊鲸的管理问题和缠绕问题至关重要，这两个问题一直在挑战着渔业的发展。

And a large part of that is due to expected negative economic impacts on the lobster fishery."

大部分由于人们预期龙虾业会遭到负面经济影响。”

But right whale protections don't have to mean lobster losses.

但保护露脊鲸并不一定意味着龙虾业受损。

Canada's lobster harvest operates with fewer traps and a shorter, six-month-long season.

加拿大捕龙虾业采用较少的捕虾笼，并以仅半年的较短捕获时间运作。

"The U.S. lobster fishery in Maine expends⁷ approximately 7.5 times as much as the Canadian fishery to catch the same amount.

“捕相同数量的龙虾，美国缅因州龙虾业花费的花费约为加拿大的7.5倍。

And Canadians are catching⁸ almost four times more lobsters per trap."

而加拿大每个捕虾笼的捕获量大概是美国的4倍。”

They're putting less effort into it and spending less on fuel and equipment.

他们在这方面投入的精力更少，消耗的能源和装置也更少。

But they're still gathering⁹ nearly the same amount of lobster overall. And there are stateside examples.

但他们捕获的龙虾总量依旧与美国大致持平。以下是美国本土案件。

"In Massachusetts, areas that have had a seasonal¹⁰ closure in recent years have reached record-high landings."

“在马萨诸塞州近年来季节性关闭的地区，其捕获量达到了历史新高。”

The study was published in the journal Marine¹¹ Policy.

这项研究发表在《海洋政策》期刊上。

Restrictions¹² could actually mean a healthier lobster population overall.

限制捕捞实际上意味着龙虾整个群体会更健康。

"It's paradoxical, but it is consistent with a lot of fisheries research

“这似乎自相矛盾，但这与大量渔业研究的结果相一致，

that shows that when you fish with too much effort, too many traps in the water, then the stock itself isn't as robust¹³.

即当过度捕捞、在水中放置过多捕笼时，水产本身就不那么健康了。

So one thing we might expect is you would have more or larger lobsters (if there are fewer traps in the water) coming in to each trap.

因此，我们能预料的一件事是，（如果水中少放些捕笼，）就会有更多或更大的龙虾进去。

And therefore you would be able to haul up more lobster per trap. And that's kind of what we see on the Canadian side."

继而就能在每个笼中拖上来更多的龙虾。这就是我们在加拿大看到的模式。”

Taking some of those ropes out of the water could benefit both the whales and the fishery.

将水中的竖绳抽出一些，对鲸鱼和渔业都有好处。

"Our main takeaway is that a negative economic impact should not be assumed with effort reduction in the U.S. lobster fishery."

“我们的重点是，不应认为美国龙虾捕捞力度减少，就会产生负面经济影响。”

Thanks for listening for Scientific American's 60-second Science. I'm Jason Goldman.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是杰森· 古德曼。

1 lobster   

n.龙虾，龙虾肉

参考例句：

• The lobster is a shellfish.龙虾是水生贝壳动物。
• I like lobster but it does not like me.我喜欢吃龙虾，但它不适宜于我的健康。

2 lobsters   

龙虾( lobster的名词复数 )； 龙虾肉

参考例句：

• I have no idea about how to prepare those cuttlefish and lobsters. 我对如何烹调那些乌贼和龙虾毫无概念。
• She sold me a couple of live lobsters. 她卖了几只活龙虾给我。

3 buoy   

n.浮标；救生圈；v.支持，鼓励

参考例句：

• The party did little to buoy up her spirits.这次聚会并没有让她振作多少。
• The buoy floated back and forth in the shallow water.这个浮标在浅水里漂来漂去。

4 vertical   

adj.垂直的，顶点的，纵向的；n.垂直物，垂直的位置

参考例句：

• The northern side of the mountain is almost vertical.这座山的北坡几乎是垂直的。
• Vertical air motions are not measured by this system.垂直气流的运动不用这种系统来测量。

5 entangle   

vt.缠住，套住；卷入，连累

参考例句：

• How did Alice manage to entangle her hair so badly in the brambles?爱丽丝是怎么把头发死死地缠在荆棘上的？
• Don't entangle the fishing lines.不要让钓鱼线缠在一起。

6 entanglements   

n.瓜葛( entanglement的名词复数 )；牵连；纠缠；缠住

参考例句：

• Mr. White threaded his way through the legal entanglements. 怀特先生成功地解决了这些法律纠纷。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• At dawn we broke through the barbed wire entanglements under the city wall. 拂晓我们突破了城墙的铁丝网。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 expends   

v.花费( expend的第三人称单数 )；使用（钱等）做某事；用光；耗尽

参考例句：

• The commercial value height also expends demand how many! 商业价值高低也就是消费需求多少！ 来自互联网
• The stimulation expends basis, also lies in enhances the resident income. 刺激消费的根本，还在于提高居民收入。 来自互联网

8 catching   

adj.易传染的，有魅力的，迷人的，接住

参考例句：

• There are those who think eczema is catching.有人就是认为湿疹会传染。
• Enthusiasm is very catching.热情非常富有感染力。

9 gathering   

n.集会，聚会，聚集

参考例句：

• He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
• He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。

10 seasonal   

adj.季节的，季节性的

参考例句：

• The town relies on the seasonal tourist industry for jobs.这个城镇依靠季节性旅游业提供就业机会。
• The hors d'oeuvre is seasonal vegetables.餐前小吃是应时蔬菜。

11 marine   

adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵

参考例句：

• Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

12 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

13 robust   

adj.强壮的，强健的，粗野的，需要体力的，浓的

参考例句：

• She is too tall and robust.她个子太高，身体太壮。
• China wants to keep growth robust to reduce poverty and avoid job losses,AP commented.美联社评论道，中国希望保持经济强势增长，以减少贫困和失业状况。