科学美国人60秒 SSS 全球科学新闻简讯

Hi, I'm Scientific American assistant news editor Sarah Lewin Frasier.

我是《科学美国人》助理新闻编辑莎拉·莱温·弗雷西尔。

And here's a short piece from the June 2020 issue of the magazine, in the section called Advances: Dispatches from the Frontiers of Science, Technology and Medicine.

下面是本杂志2020年6月刊的一篇短文，摘自“进展：科学、技术和医学前沿快报”版块。

The article is titled "Quick Hits," and it's a rundown of some noncoronavirus stories from around the globe.

这篇文章名为《要闻快讯》，汇集了全球各地非新冠病毒报道的摘要。

From the U.S.:

美国：

A hiker found two rusted¹, unexploded bombs from 1935 on the Mauna Loa volcano on Hawaii's Big Island.

一名徒步旅行者在夏威夷大岛的莫纳罗亚火山发现了两枚1935年的生锈未爆炸弹。

The bombs had been intended to help divert lava² flow during an eruption³.

这些炸弹的原本用途是在火山喷发时帮助转移岩浆流。

From France:

法国：

Researchers report dinosaur⁴ footprints up to 1.25 meters long on the roof of a cave, likely coming from a type of titanosaur.

研究人员报告称，他们在一个洞穴顶部发现了长达1.25米的恐龙脚印，这些脚印很可能来自一种雷龙。

Geologic⁵ processes buried and shifted the shoreline footprints to the cave's ceiling, 500 meters deep.

地质过程埋葬了这些脚印，并将脚印从海岸线转移到洞穴500米深处的顶部。

From Kenya:

肯尼亚：

A 20-year experiment revealed that cattle-grazing areas frequented by elephants store almost twice as much carbon as areas that bar the animals;

一项时长达20年的实验表明，大象经常出没的放牧区碳储存量是禁止动物进入地区的近两倍；

soil in these areas also has higher nutrient⁶ levels.

这些地区的土壤也有较高的养分水平。

From Germany:

德国：

In a Leipzig waste site, scientists found a soil bacterium⁷ that can break down components⁸ of polyurethane—and survive the toxic⁹ chemicals released in the process.

在莱比锡的一个垃圾填埋场，科学家发现了一种土壤细菌，它能分解聚氨酯的成分，而且不会被分解过程中释放的有毒化学物质杀死。

In Oman:

阿曼：

Daily growth rings on a 70-million-year-old fossilized mollusk¹⁰ indicate that Earth turned faster at the time, squeezing 372 days into each year.

7000万年前的一块软体动物化石上的每日生长环表明，当时地球的自动速度更快，每年会有372天。

The creature's former habitat, a shallow seabed, is now on a mountaintop.

这种生物以前的栖息地是浅海海床，现在的栖息地则在山顶。

In Australia:

澳大利亚：

Seven new peacock spider species—including one with a van Gogh Starry¹¹ Night–like design—were discovered among crowd-sourced photographs from across the continent.

科学家在整个澳洲的众包图片中发现了七种新的孔雀蜘蛛，其是一种身上有类似于梵高画作《星夜》的图案。

The spiders are known for their vividly¹² colored abdomens¹³.

这些蜘蛛以其色彩鲜艳的腹部而闻名。

That was "Quick Hits." I'm Sarah Lewin Frasier.

以上是《要闻快讯》，我是莎拉·莱温·弗雷泽。

1 rusted   

v.（使）生锈( rust的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• I can't get these screws out; they've rusted in. 我无法取出这些螺丝，它们都锈住了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• My bike has rusted and needs oil. 我的自行车生锈了，需要上油。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 lava   

n.熔岩，火山岩

参考例句：

• The lava flowed down the sides of the volcano.熔岩沿火山坡面涌流而下。
• His anger spilled out like lava.他的愤怒像火山爆发似的迸发出来。

3 eruption   

n.火山爆发；（战争等）爆发；（疾病等）发作

参考例句：

• The temple was destroyed in the violent eruption of 1470 BC.庙宇在公元前1470年猛烈的火山爆发中摧毁了。
• The eruption of a volcano is spontaneous.火山的爆发是自发的。

4 dinosaur   

n.恐龙

参考例句：

• Are you trying to tell me that David was attacked by a dinosaur?你是想要告诉我大卫被一支恐龙所攻击？
• He stared at the faithful miniature of the dinosaur.他凝视著精确的恐龙缩小模型。

5 geologic   

adj.地质的

参考例句：

• The Red Sea is a geologic continuation of the valley.红海就是一个峡谷在地质上的继续发展。
• Delineation of channels is the first step of geologic evaluation.勾划河道的轮廓是地质解译的第一步。

6 nutrient   

adj.营养的，滋养的；n.营养物，营养品

参考例句：

• Magnesium is the nutrient element in plant growth.镁是植物生长的营养要素。
• The roots transmit moisture and nutrient to the trunk and branches.根将水分和养料输送到干和枝。

7 bacterium   

n.(pl.)bacteria 细菌

参考例句：

• The bacterium possibly goes in the human body by the mouth.细菌可能通过口进入人体。
• A bacterium is identified as the cause for his duodenal ulcer.一种细菌被断定为造成他十二指肠溃疡的根源。

8 components   

（机器、设备等的）构成要素，零件，成分； 成分( component的名词复数 )； [物理化学]组分； [数学]分量； （混合物的）组成部分

参考例句：

• the components of a machine 机器部件
• Our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。

9 toxic   

adj.有毒的，因中毒引起的

参考例句：

• The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
• There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。

10 mollusk   

n.软体动物

参考例句：

• I swear I have never seen such a mollusk with thorns all over its body.我敢发誓我从来没有见过这种全身长满棘刺的软体动物。
• The colour varies with the mollusk and its environment.颜色因母体及其环境的不同而异。

11 starry   

adj.星光照耀的, 闪亮的

参考例句：

• He looked at the starry heavens.他瞧着布满星星的天空。
• I like the starry winter sky.我喜欢这满天星斗的冬夜。

12 vividly   

adv.清楚地，鲜明地，生动地

参考例句：

• The speaker pictured the suffering of the poor vividly.演讲者很生动地描述了穷人的生活。
• The characters in the book are vividly presented.这本书里的人物写得栩栩如生。

13 abdomens   

n.腹（部）( abdomen的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The women especially disliked their stomachs or abdomens, hips, thighs and legs. 这些妇女特别不喜欢自己的胃部，腹部，臀部，大腿，腿部。 来自互联网
• They danced not with their legs or arms, but with their entire bodies, undulating their abdomens. 他们跳舞不是用腿和臂，而是用整个身子，腹部一起一伏地扭动着。 来自互联网