科学美国人60秒 SSS 美国大选与科技的利害关系

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Steve Mirsky.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列，我是史蒂夫·米尔斯基。

For this last episode in our podcast series on the stakes for science in this election, I talked about tech with Scientific American senior features editor Jen Schwartz.

这是我们播客系列节目的最后一集，是关于这次选举与科学的利害关系 ，我和《科学美国人》的高级专题编辑珍·施瓦茨谈论了科技。

So Jen, what’s going in the world of, for simplicity’s sake, technology that will possibly be affected¹ by this election?

所以，珍，简单地说，可能会受到这次选举影响的科技领域会发生什么?

“So technology is such a huge category these days. It really depends how you define it.

“ 因此，如今科技是一个如此庞大的类别。这真的取决于你如何定义它。

But at Scientific American, we sort of look at it as, you know, there’s the very high-end, whizbang innovation stuff and maybe the more traditional things we think about when we say technology, like machine learning and advanced therapeutics and things like this.

但在《科学美国人》，我们把它看作是非常高端的，绝妙的创新，也许我们在谈到技术时想到的是更传统的事物，例如机器学习和先进疗法之类的东西。

But right now so much of what we’re dealing² with in this country is the application of a lot of technologies or tools, if we want to simplify.

但是现在我们在这个国家要处理的很多事情都是大量技术或工具的应用，如果我们想要简化的话。

And we’re sort of dealing with both the ramifications³—the major ramifications of how technology has affected our society, the soul of our country, how we have been divided, how we get information.

我们在处理两方面的问题——科技如何影响我们的社会，影响我们国家的灵魂，影响我们是如何分裂的以及影响我们如何获取信息。

Or as one researcher, Claire Wardle, calls it, information disorder⁴ is what we’re up against.

或者正如研究人员克莱尔·沃德尔所说的，我们面临的是信息紊乱。

This feeling of overwhelm, of noise and just the polarization in this country—of how we just glean⁵ knowledge at this point, and how trust and information is transmitted.

有这种压倒一切的，嘈杂的，以及国家两极分化的感觉，我们在这种时候如何收集知识以及如何传播信任和信息。

And so that’s such a huge part of what’s really at stake.

所以这是真正利害攸关的重要部分。

“And then another really big part that I think about, when it comes to the broader world of technology, is, you know, a lot of infrastructure⁶ issues in this country.

“当涉及到更广泛的技术领域时，我想到的另一个真正重要的部分是这个国家的许多基础设施问题。

When you, when you really look already, and in the near future, how we’re going to be adapting to the effects of climate change, to recovering from the pandemic, public health issues, you’re really looking at all of these infrastructure needs that encompass⁷ just well-being⁸ and public health and national security.

当你在不久的将来真正了解，我们将如何适应气候变化的影响，从疫情大流行这个公共卫生问题中恢复过来，你就会真正了解所有这些基础设施需求是福祉、公共卫生和国家安全。

And there’s all these technological⁹ elements to that, of new ways of doing things, of new ways of, you know, securing the world, securing our communities.

这其中包含了所有的科技元素，新的做事方式，新的保护世界的方式，保护我们群体的方式。

“And technology, you know, there’s a lot of interesting sort of new flashy stuff. But then there’s the question of how it’s going to be implemented¹⁰.

“还有科技，你知道，有很多有趣的显眼的新事物。但接下来的问题是如何实施的问题。

And is it going to be accessible to everyone?

每个人都可以使用吗?

Or there’s so many ethical¹¹ considerations and just questions of equity¹² and equality of how a lot of our innovation is going to be distributed.

或者有很多道德上的考虑，还有公平和平等的问题，关于如何分配我们大量的创新产品。

And, I think, even more so than talking about the fascinating new devices or new technologies or—that stuff is great, and we do that so much at Scientific American.

我认为，比起谈论那些令人着迷的新设备或新技术，这些东西是更重要的，我们在《科学美国人》做了很多这样的事情。

But I think when it comes to the election, we’re looking at vastly different ways of applying those things—or even just maintaining the systems that we already have and have shown their fragility in recent months and years.”

但我认为，当涉及到选举时，我们正在寻找应用这些东西的截然不同的方式，甚至只是维持我们现有的系统，所以已经在最近几个月和几年里显示出它们的脆弱性。”

On that note, let me recommend the November issue of Scientific American, with its special section called Confronting Misinformation,

在这一点上，让我向大家推荐11月号的《科学美国人》，它的特别版块叫做“直面错误信息”，

which contains articles such as Jen Schwartz’s piece on how to train journalists not to be unwitting transmitters of bogus information,

其中包括珍·施瓦茨的关于如何训练记者不要在不知情的情况下传播虚假信息的文章，

and an article by Tanya Lewis called “Eight Persistent¹³ COVID-19 Myths and Why People Believe Them,” and a piece by Zakiya Whatley and Titilayo Shodiya titled “Why So Many Americans Are Skeptical¹⁴ of a Coronavirus Vaccine¹⁵.”

坦尼娅·刘易斯的一篇文章《关于COVID-19的八种持续的谬论和人们为什么相信它们》，扎基亚·沃特利和提蒂莱约·肖迪亚的一篇文章《为什么这么多美国人对冠状病毒疫苗持怀疑态度》。

For Scientific American's 60-second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是史蒂夫·米尔斯基。

1 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

2 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

3 ramifications   

n.结果，后果( ramification的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• These changes are bound to have widespread social ramifications. 这些变化注定会造成许多难以预料的社会后果。
• What are the ramifications of our decision to join the union? 我们决定加入工会会引起哪些后果呢？ 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 disorder   

n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调

参考例句：

• When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
• It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。

5 glean   

v.收集(消息、资料、情报等)

参考例句：

• The little information that we could glean about them was largely contradictory.我们能够收集到的有关它们的少量信息大部分是自相矛盾的。
• From what I was able to glean,it appears they don't intend to take any action yet.根据我所收集到的资料分析，他们看来还不打算采取任何行动。

6 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

7 encompass   

vt.围绕，包围；包含，包括；完成

参考例句：

• The course will encompass physics,chemistry and biology.课程将包括物理、化学和生物学。
• The project will encompass rural and underdeveloped areas in China.这项工程将覆盖中国的农村和不发达地区。

8 well-being   

n.安康，安乐，幸福

参考例句：

• He always has the well-being of the masses at heart.他总是把群众的疾苦挂在心上。
• My concern for their well-being was misunderstood as interference.我关心他们的幸福，却被误解为多管闲事。

9 technological   

adj.技术的；工艺的

参考例句：

• A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
• Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今， 随着科技进步，生活节奏不断增快。

10 implemented   

v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革，经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句

11 ethical   

adj.伦理的，道德的，合乎道德的

参考例句：

• It is necessary to get the youth to have a high ethical concept.必须使青年具有高度的道德观念。
• It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。

12 equity   

n.公正，公平，（无固定利息的）股票

参考例句：

• They shared the work of the house with equity.他们公平地分担家务。
• To capture his equity,Murphy must either sell or refinance.要获得资产净值，墨菲必须出售或者重新融资。

13 persistent   

adj.坚持不懈的，执意的；持续的

参考例句：

• Albert had a persistent headache that lasted for three days.艾伯特连续头痛了三天。
• She felt embarrassed by his persistent attentions.他不时地向她大献殷勤，使她很难为情。

14 skeptical   

adj.怀疑的，多疑的

参考例句：

• Others here are more skeptical about the chances for justice being done.这里的其他人更为怀疑正义能否得到伸张。
• Her look was skeptical and resigned.她的表情是将信将疑而又无可奈何。

15 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。