时差N小时 地球磁场的变化(下)

By calculating how old the rocks are where we find these ancient compasses, we can figure out how long ago the magnetized parts were locked in. That tells us which direction was magnetic north tens of thousands of years ago. Surprisingly, it’s not always the same as north is now. Occasionally the poles change places. What is the reversal period like? So, did the north pole drift slowly southward, so that at some point magnetic north was in, say Mexico city? No. The rocks tell us that, during pole reversals, there is a several thousand year period during which the earth’s magnetic field is either gone or very much weakened. At these times north and south become arbitrary terms. Eventually the magnetic field re-establishes itself, and it seems to be a matter of chance which side comes out north and which south.

通过计算在发现古老指南针地点的岩石年龄，我们能计算出被磁化的部分已经被封存了多久。那会告诉我们数万年前那个方向是北极。令人惊奇的是，北极并不总是在一个方向。有时候南北极会调换。磁极调换期间会是什么样子？北极会缓慢地变为南极，所以在某个阶段，磁极可能在墨西哥城？不是的。岩石告诉我们，在磁极变换过程中，有几千年地球的磁场要么是消失不见了，要么是被大大削弱。在这期间，南北极变得十分随意。最终磁极重新恢复，那端变为北极，那端成为南极都是偶然的。