时差N小时 鱼,鱼,鱼,音乐鱼

Don: Today on "A Moment of Science," herring make sounds when passing gas...

唐：今日科学时刻，鲱鱼放屁时会发出声音...

Yael: Don, be serious!

雅艾尔：唐，正经点！

Don: I am serious, Yael! The Atlantic herring is one of the most abundant fish on Earth!The silvery foot-long fish live in huge schools of thousands to hundreds of thousands of individuals.

唐：我很正经啊，雅艾尔！大西洋的鲱鱼是世界上数量最多的鱼类之一！这种银白色的长足鱼成群而居，每一群都有成百上千条鲱鱼。

Fishermen have long known that herring schools can release large clouds of bubbles that are visible from the surface. The bubbles are released through the anal opening, connected to the fish's swim bladder.

人们早就知道鲱鱼群会吐出巨大的从水面都能看见的气泡云。这些气泡来自于鱼鳔，通过肛门释放。

Yael: What's a swim bladder?

雅艾尔：什么是鱼鳔？

Don: It's a special, gas-filled organ that helps regulate buoyancy. Herring gulp¹ air at the surface and store it in their swim bladders. It's also long been known that herring make chirp-like sounds, especially when startled or in danger, but biologists didn't know how these chirps² were produced.

唐：它是一种特殊的充满气体的器官，有助于调节鱼体的浮力。鲱鱼在水面大口吸气，把氧气存在鱼鳔里。很早以前人们也知道鲱鱼会发出类似啾啾的声音，尤其在受到惊吓或者遇到危险时。但那时生物学家们并不知道这种啾啾声是如何产生的。

Yael: I think I know where this is heading!

雅艾尔：我大概知道接下来你要说什么了！

Don: Yep! A pair of Danish biologists recorded herring housed in special pressurized tanks that replicated³ conditions at the ocean depths where herring are found. They discovered that the chirping⁴ sounds were actually produced by air release from the swim bladder during the bubble production—the first report of sound production by gas release in fishes.

唐：没错！两位丹麦生物学家研究记录了一群鲱鱼，为了仿造了鲱鱼出没的深海环境，他们把鲱鱼养在特殊增压箱里的。他们发现啾啾声实际上是在鱼鳔释放气体，产生气泡时发出的，这是人类第一个有关鱼类释放气体发声的报告。

Yael: So the chirps are just a by-product⁵ of passing gas?

雅艾尔：所以说啾啾声只不过是放屁时的意外收获？

Don: That is what's intriguing⁶ scientists, since the bubbles are released by the fish in response to stress, and occur whether the fish are ascending⁷ or descending⁸, they don't think that it's simply part of controlling buoyancy.

唐：这正是令科学家们振奋的原因。鱼体受到压力作用，就会释放气泡，当浮起或下沉时也会这样，他们不认为这仅仅是为了控制浮力。

Some scientists speculate that the sound and bubbles might work as a visual and acoustic⁹ screen to confuse predators¹⁰, but more studies are needed to determine if the chirping bubbles have a behavioral function or not.

一些科学家们推断，鱼类在利用声音和气泡形成有视听效果的屏障，来迷惑捕食者。但是要确定啾啾声和气泡是否具有行为功能还需要进一步的研究。

1 gulp   

vt.吞咽，大口地吸（气）；vi.哽住；n.吞咽

参考例句：

• She took down the tablets in one gulp.她把那些药片一口吞了下去。
• Don't gulp your food,chew it before you swallow it.吃东西不要狼吞虎咽，要嚼碎了再咽下去。

2 chirps   

鸟叫，虫鸣( chirp的第三人称单数 )； 啾； 啾啾

参考例句：

• The linnet chirps her vernal song. 红雀吱喳鸣叫着她春天的歌。
• She heard nothing but the chirps and whirrs of insects. 除了虫的鸣叫声外，她什么也没听见。

3 replicated   

复制( replicate的过去式和过去分词 )； 重复； 再造； 再生

参考例句：

• Later outplant the seedlings in a replicated permanent test plantation. 以后苗木出圃栽植成重复的永久性试验林。
• The phage has replicated and the donor cells have lysed. 噬菌体已复制和给体细胞已发生裂解。

4 chirping   

鸟叫，虫鸣( chirp的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• The birds,chirping relentlessly,woke us up at daybreak. 破晓时鸟儿不断吱吱地叫，把我们吵醒了。
• The birds are chirping merrily. 鸟儿在欢快地鸣叫着。

5 by-product   

n.副产品，附带产生的结果

参考例句：

• Freedom is the by-product of economic surplus.自由是经济盈余的副产品。
• The raw material for the tyre is a by-product of petrol refining.制造轮胎的原材料是提炼汽油时产生的一种副产品。

6 intriguing   

adj.有趣的；迷人的v.搞阴谋诡计(intrigue的现在分词)；激起…的好奇心

参考例句：

• These discoveries raise intriguing questions. 这些发现带来了非常有趣的问题。
• It all sounds very intriguing. 这些听起来都很有趣。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 ascending   

adj.上升的，向上的

参考例句：

• Now draw or trace ten dinosaurs in ascending order of size.现在按照体型由小到大的顺序画出或是临摹出10只恐龙。

8 descending   

n. 下行 adj. 下降的

参考例句：

• The results are expressed in descending numerical order . 结果按数字降序列出。
• The climbers stopped to orient themselves before descending the mountain. 登山者先停下来确定所在的位置，然后再下山。

9 acoustic   

adj.听觉的，声音的；(乐器)原声的

参考例句：

• The hall has a fine acoustic.这个大厅的传音效果很好。
• Animals use a whole rang of acoustic, visual,and chemical signals in their systems of communication.动物利用各种各样的听觉、视觉和化学信号来进行交流。

10 predators   

n.食肉动物( predator的名词复数 )；奴役他人者（尤指在财务或性关系方面）

参考例句：

• birds and their earthbound predators 鸟和地面上捕食它们的动物
• The eyes of predators are highly sensitive to the slightest movement. 捕食性动物的眼睛能感觉到最细小的动静。 来自《简明英汉词典》