时差N小时 果胶是什么

It's pretty easy to guess what most of your food is made of. The meat in your hamburger probably came from a cow, the bun was made from grain, the ketchup¹ from tomatoes, and so on. There is one kind of food, however, that might have you guessing animal, vegetable or mineral for the whole meal. But no more, since we'll learn about Jello² on today's Moment of Science.

要猜出大多数食物是由什么做成的十分简单。汉堡里的肉可能来自于牛，小圆面包可能来自谷物，番茄酱由西红柿做成，等等。然而有一种食物就不容易猜了，到底它是来自于植物、动物还是矿物质呢？没关系，学了今日科学时刻关于果胶的知识后，你就不会再感到迷惑了。

Jello is a trademark³ name for gelatin, a food that people have enjoyed for generations. To answer the question animal, vegetable, or mineral: gelatin is an animal product. It is prepared by soaking the bones, skin, or connective tissue from pigs or cows in a bath of mild hydrochloric acid solution. After this, the animal products are heated in distilled⁴ water for many hours, and finally boiled. The fluid that collects from this process is drawn⁵ off.

果胶是明胶的商业用名，是一种几代人都享用过的食物。从植物、动物或者矿物质中选择一个来回答这个问题的话，那就是动物。果胶的制作方法是，用轻度的盐酸溶液浸泡牛或者猪的骨头，皮肉或者结缔组织；之后用蒸馏水加热几个小时直至沸腾；在这个过程中收集流出来的液体。

What's left is dried, and ground into a fine, pale yellow powder. This is unflavored gelatin, the basis of all gelatin salads, desserts, and drinks. Gelatin is valuable as a food because it is pure protein and it is easy to digest. A gelatin made from vegetable protein, called agar-agar, is made for vegetarians⁶. When powdered gelatin is stirred into hot water and then chilled, it forms the jiggly, gelled product that we are most familiar with. This gelled product is not strictly⁷ a solid or a liquid.

把最后剩下的部分晾干，磨成细小，微黄的粉末。这粉末就是无味的明胶，所有明胶色拉，甜点和饮料的原材料。明胶与天然食物的营养价值相同，因为它是由纯蛋白质组成，并且很好消化。用植物做成的明胶叫做琼脂。琼脂是为素食主义者准备的。当把粉末状明胶混合开水搅拌，然后冷却，就会形成我们非常熟悉的不稳定的、稠化的食品。严格来讲，这种食物既不是固体也不是液体。

Technically⁸ it's a colloid⁹: a liquid suspended in a solid framework. As the hot mixture cools off, the long strands¹⁰ of animal protein lock together into a solid framework, trapping tiny droplets¹¹ of liquid water in the process. It's these droplets of water, trapped in a mesh¹² of animal protein, that hold all the coloring and flavoring in your favorite gelatin dessert.

学术上来说它是胶体：一种液体悬浮在另一种固体中。当热的混合物冷却后，长长的动物蛋白链就会凝聚成一块固体，并在凝聚过程中吸附微小的液态水滴。正是这些水滴锁住了所有的颜色和味道，所以你才能吃上色香味俱全的果胶甜点。

1 ketchup   

n.蕃茄酱，蕃茄沙司

参考例句：

• There's a spot of ketchup on the tablecloth.桌布上有一点番茄酱的渍斑。
• Could I have some ketchup and napkins,please?请给我一些番茄酱和纸手巾？

2 jello   

n.凝胶物，果冻

参考例句：

• We have ice cream,pie,cake or jello.我们要冰淇淋、馅饼、蛋糕或是果冻。
• She likes jello very much.她很喜欢吃果冻。

3 trademark   

n.商标；特征；vt.注册的…商标

参考例句：

• The trademark is registered on the book of the Patent Office.该商标已在专利局登记注册。
• The trademark of the pen was changed.这钢笔的商标改了。

4 distilled   

adj.由蒸馏得来的v.蒸馏( distil的过去式和过去分词 )；从…提取精华

参考例句：

• The televised interview was distilled from 16 hours of film. 那次电视采访是从16个小时的影片中选出的精华。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Gasoline is distilled from crude oil. 汽油是从原油中提炼出来的。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 drawn   

v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的

参考例句：

• All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
• Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。

6 vegetarians   

n.吃素的人( vegetarian的名词复数 )；素食者；素食主义者；食草动物

参考例句：

• Vegetarians are no longer dismissed as cranks. 素食者不再被视为有怪癖的人。
• Vegetarians believe that eating meat is bad karma. 素食者认为吃肉食是造恶业。

7 strictly   

adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地

参考例句：

• His doctor is dieting him strictly.他的医生严格规定他的饮食。
• The guests were seated strictly in order of precedence.客人严格按照地位高低就座。

8 technically   

adv.专门地，技术上地

参考例句：

• Technically it is the most advanced equipment ever.从技术上说，这是最先进的设备。
• The tomato is technically a fruit,although it is eaten as a vegetable.严格地说，西红柿是一种水果，尽管它是当作蔬菜吃的。

9 colloid   

n.胶体；adj．胶体的，胶质的

参考例句：

• No colloid,surfactants or emulsifying agents are employed in the process.本法不使用胶、表面活化剂或乳化剂。
• Most colloid have a milky appearance under bright lights.多数胶体在强光照射下呈乳浊状。

10 strands   

n.（线、绳、金属线、毛发等的）股( strand的名词复数 )；缕；海洋、湖或河的)岸；（观点、计划、故事等的）部份v.使滞留，使搁浅( strand的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Twist a length of rope from strands of hemp. 用几股麻搓成了一段绳子。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• She laced strands into a braid. 她把几股线编织成一根穗带。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 droplets   

n.小滴( droplet的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Droplets of sweat were welling up on his forehead. 他额头上冒出了滴滴汗珠。 来自辞典例句
• In constrast, exhaled smoke contains relatively large water droplets and appears white. 相反，从人嘴里呼出的烟则包含相当大的水滴，所以呈白色。 来自辞典例句

12 mesh   

n.网孔，网丝，陷阱；vt.以网捕捉，啮合，匹配；vi.适合； [计算机]网络

参考例句：

• Their characters just don't mesh.他们的性格就是合不来。
• This is the net having half inch mesh.这是有半英寸网眼的网。