时差N小时 年龄歧视

The average life expectancy¹ for Americans was 35 years when the country was founded, and has been rising steadily² since then. As the workforce³ grew older, many Americans worked well into their 50s and 60s, usually retiring at age 65.

建国初期，美国人的平均寿命是35岁，从此人均寿命便稳步上升。随着劳动力年龄的增长，许多美国人在五六十岁时仍然投入工作，往往在65岁之后才退休。

By the 1960s, more and more people were able to continue working well beyond age 65. But these long-time employees became more expensive for employers to keep as they moved up the salary scale. Thousands of older workers and job seekers were victims of age discrimination.

到了19世纪60年代，越来越多的人到65岁时仍能干好工作。然而，由于薪金级别上调，长期雇员的工资越涨越高，雇主就负担不起了。因此数千名大龄工人和求职者便成为年龄歧视的受害者。

They were fired, forced to resign, passed over for promotions⁴, and not hired simply because of their age. Reports of older workers being laid off just before their pension rights locked in, were common. Congress heard testimony⁵ from many victims of age discrimination, and recognized the need for a law to provide protection.

他们被解雇，强迫辞职，在职位升迁中遭受冷落，或者因为年龄干脆不被雇用。报道中经常出现这样的事件，老龄员工在养老金落实之际被临时解雇。国会听证过许多遭受年龄歧视的案例后，意识到了制定法律来保护老龄雇员的必要性。

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act was enacted⁶ on December 15th, 1967, stating that all employment decisions—hiring, firing, lay-offs, and changes in benefit packages—must have a legitimate⁷ basis, and nothing to do with age.

《雇员年龄歧视法》于1967年12月25日颁布，声明所有就业决策——雇佣，解雇，裁员以及福利计划的变更，都必须有法律依据，不得以年龄为原因。

The 1976 amendment⁸ to this Act raised the mandatory⁹ retirement¹⁰ age from 65 to 70. A 1986 amendment eliminated mandatory retirement ages completely. The author of the 1986 amendment, Representative Claude Pepper, was 86 at that time, and it was signed into law by Ronald Reagan, who, at the age of 75, was the oldest man to have been President.

1976年的这条法令修正案规定将法定退休年龄从65岁提高到70岁。1986年的修正案则彻底取消了法定退休年龄。参与修订1986年修正案的议员克劳德·派帕尔当时也是86岁高龄；这条法案被罗纳德·里根签署形成法律，他于75岁时当选总统，成为美国历史上在位时年龄最大的总统。

1 expectancy   

n.期望，预期，（根据概率统计求得）预期数额

参考例句：

• Japanese people have a very high life expectancy.日本人的平均寿命非常长。
• The atomosphere of tense expectancy sobered everyone.这种期望的紧张气氛使每个人变得严肃起来。

2 steadily   

adv.稳定地；不变地；持续地

参考例句：

• The scope of man's use of natural resources will steadily grow.人类利用自然资源的广度将日益扩大。
• Our educational reform was steadily led onto the correct path.我们的教学改革慢慢上轨道了。

3 workforce   

n.劳动大军，劳动力

参考例句：

• A large part of the workforce is employed in agriculture.劳动人口中一大部分受雇于农业。
• A quarter of the local workforce is unemployed.本地劳动力中有四分之一失业。

4 promotions   

促进( promotion的名词复数 )； 提升； 推广； 宣传

参考例句：

• All services or promotions must have an appeal and wide application. 所有服务或促销工作都必须具有吸引力和广泛的适用性。
• He promptly directed the highest promotions and decorations for General MacArthur. 他授予麦克阿瑟将军以最高的官阶和勋奖。

5 testimony   

n.证词；见证，证明

参考例句：

• The testimony given by him is dubious.他所作的证据是可疑的。
• He was called in to bear testimony to what the police officer said.他被传入为警官所说的话作证。

6 enacted   

制定（法律），通过（法案）( enact的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• legislation enacted by parliament 由议会通过的法律
• Outside in the little lobby another scene was begin enacted. 外面的小休息室里又是另一番景象。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹

7 legitimate   

adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法

参考例句：

• Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
• That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。

8 amendment   

n.改正，修正，改善，修正案

参考例句：

• The amendment was rejected by 207 voters to 143.这项修正案以207票对143票被否决。
• The Opposition has tabled an amendment to the bill.反对党已经就该议案提交了一项修正条款。

9 mandatory   

adj.命令的；强制的；义务的；n.受托者

参考例句：

• It's mandatory to pay taxes.缴税是义务性的。
• There is no mandatory paid annual leave in the U.S.美国没有强制带薪年假。

10 retirement   

n.退休，退职

参考例句：

• She wanted to enjoy her retirement without being beset by financial worries.她想享受退休生活而不必为金钱担忧。
• I have to put everything away for my retirement.我必须把一切都积蓄起来以便退休后用。