时差N小时 白葡萄酒的警告

In many countries, white wines such as Chardonnay are the preferred choice when people have seafood¹ or poultry² dishes. And they certainly don't stain your teeth, tongue or lips like red wines do. However findings published in the journal of Nutrition Research, may come as a revelation to most drinkers. It's claimed that enjoying a glass of white wine on a frequent basis can damage your teeth, because of the high acidity³ levels in white wine it can erode⁴ the tooth enamel⁵ more quickly than red wine.

在许多国家，人们食用海鲜或禽类菜肴时常与白葡萄酒（比如霞多丽）搭配。当然，白葡萄酒不会像红酒一样把你的牙齿、舌头或嘴唇染红。然而，一项发表在《营养学期刊》上的研究结果也许会对广大饮酒爱好者起到启示作用。这项研究声称频繁饮用白葡萄酒对牙齿有伤害，因为相比红葡萄酒而言，白葡萄酒的高酸度会更快地腐蚀牙釉质。

The team of researchers examined the effects on teeth of eight red and eight white wines from different parts of the world. In the lab, adult teeth soaked in white wine for a day suffered a loss of both calcium⁶ and a mineral called phosphorus to depths of up to 60 micrometers in the enamel surface, which the researchers say is significant.

研究小组检查了16种来自世界各地的葡萄酒对牙齿的影响，其中红白葡萄酒各八种。在实验中将成年人的牙齿浸泡在白酒里，一天之后发现从牙釉质表面到以下60微米的地方，钙和磷物质均有损坏，研究人员称这很严重。

And the matter isn't helped by brushing your teeth soon after drinking, as excessive brushing action can lead to further loss of enamel. Also the effects can be made worse by how frequently you sip⁷ your wine.

即使在饮酒之后立即刷牙也于事无补，因为过度刷牙会进一步导致牙釉质受损。频繁地小口啜酒也会使情况更加恶化。

But the study wasn't all bad news for wine lovers. By having cheese or creamy desserts, the acid attacks can be reduced. “The tradition of enjoying different cheeses for dessert, or in combination with drinking wine, might have a beneficial effect on preventing dental erosion since cheeses contain calcium in a high concentration," the scientists added.

但对饮酒爱好者来说，研究结果并不完全是坏消息。饮酒时与奶酪和奶油甜点搭配，可以减轻酸性的攻击。科学家们补充道：“按照传统，人们会享用不同奶酪甜点、或与葡萄酒搭配食用，这可能对预防蛀牙具有益影响，因为奶酪里含有高浓度的钙。”

Professor Damien Walmsley, of the British Dental Association recommended a 30 minute break between drinking and brushing and to drink wine with food. “Consuming wine alongside food, rather than on its own, means the saliva⁸ you produce as you chew helps to neutralise its acidity and limits its erosive potential.”

英国牙医师公会的达民·华姆斯利教授建议喝酒之后，至少过三十分钟再刷牙，并且最好在用餐时喝酒。“酒应与食物一起消化，而不是单独消化，因为咀嚼时分泌的唾液可以中和酒的酸度，降低腐蚀的风险。”

1 seafood   

n.海产食品，海味，海鲜

参考例句：

• There's an excellent seafood restaurant near here.离这儿不远有家非常不错的海鲜馆。
• Shrimps are a popular type of seafood.小虾是比较普遍的一种海味。

2 poultry   

n.家禽，禽肉

参考例句：

• There is not much poultry in the shops. 商店里禽肉不太多。
• What do you feed the poultry on? 你们用什么饲料喂养家禽?

3 acidity   

n.酸度，酸性

参考例句：

• This plant prefers alkaline soil,though it will readily tolerate some acidity.这种植物在酸性土壤中也能生存，但硷性土壤更加适宜。
• Gastric acidity would not prevent the organism from passing into the gut.胃的酸度不能防止细菌进入肠道。

4 erode   

v.侵蚀，腐蚀，使...减少、减弱或消失

参考例句：

• Once exposed,soil is quickly eroded by wind and rain.一旦暴露在外，土壤很快就会被风雨侵蚀。
• Competition in the financial marketplace has eroded profits.金融市场的竞争降低了利润。

5 enamel   

n.珐琅，搪瓷，瓷釉；(牙齿的)珐琅质

参考例句：

• I chipped the enamel on my front tooth when I fell over.我跌倒时门牙的珐琅质碰碎了。
• He collected coloured enamel bowls from Yugoslavia.他藏有来自南斯拉夫的彩色搪瓷碗。

6 calcium   

n.钙(化学符号Ca)

参考例句：

• We need calcium to make bones.我们需要钙来壮骨。
• Calcium is found most abundantly in milk.奶含钙最丰富。

7 sip   

v.小口地喝，抿，呷；n.一小口的量

参考例句：

• She took a sip of the cocktail.她啜饮一口鸡尾酒。
• Elizabeth took a sip of the hot coffee.伊丽莎白呷了一口热咖啡。

8 saliva   

n.唾液，口水

参考例句：

• He wiped a dribble of saliva from his chin.他擦掉了下巴上的几滴口水。
• Saliva dribbled from the baby's mouth.唾液从婴儿的嘴里流了出来。