时差N小时 为何对牙医感到恐惧

Dear A Moment of Science,

亲爱的的《科学一刻》栏目组，

I hate going to the dentist. In fact, I openly fear it.

我很讨厌看牙医。真的，我对此感到很恐惧。

Yet I've never actually had a really bad orpainful experience with a dentist.

可是我实际上并没有看牙医的糟糕经历。

So why do I fear it so much?

那我为什么会对此感到如此恐惧呢？

You're certainly not alone.

有此感受的不仅仅是你一个人。

Quaking in your boots at the mere¹ thought of a dental check up-letalone having a cavity taken care of-is a time honored tradition.

一想到要检查牙齿，腿脚就哆嗦，更别说补牙洞了。这种感受由来已久。

And it doesn't necessarily derive² from a bad dental experience.

对牙医的害怕不一定来自您糟糕的看病经历。

New research shows that fear ofthe dentist is often passed down from parents to their children.

如今有研究表明，对牙医的恐惧感常常可以通过父母传递给子女。

Fathers are especially involved.

父亲们的因素很关键。

Previous studies found a link between parents'attitudes toward thedentist and kids' fear.

过去的研究表明，父母对牙医的态度和子女对看牙医的恐惧感有关联。

But the new study reveals that kids pay even closer attention to how theirfathers react when the dentist is involved.

不过现在有研究发现子女们会密切关注父亲看牙医的反应。

Apparently³, when fathers display fear and anxiety, kidsare most likely to pick up those cues and see dental visits as something to fear.

明显的例子是，当父亲表现出恐惧和焦虑的时候，子女很可能受到这些心理暗示，把看牙医当作恐怖的事情对待。

Why fathers carry so much weight in influencing how their kids think about the dentist is not clear.

父亲们为何会如此大程度地影响子女对牙医的看法，原因尚不可知。

At least the study doesn't really offer an explanation.

至少这项研究没有给出合理解释。

But it does suggest that fathers can play animportant role in what psychologists called positive emotional contagion⁴.

不过研究指出，父亲在被心理学家称为积极情绪传导的过程中举足轻重。

If fathers' fear of the dentist can contaminate their kids, the opposite might also be true.

如果父亲们对牙医的恐惧会传染给他们的子女，那么反之亦然。

In otherwords, dads behaving positively⁵ and not displaying fear could orient their kids towards not fearingthe dentist.

换句话说，父亲们正面的言行，不带恐惧的表现可以引导他们的子女不再害怕牙医。

So the researchers call for parents, and fathers in particular, to beinvolved in dentist fearprevention campaigns.

因此研究人员呼吁父母们，尤其是父亲们，行动起来，帮助子女防治牙医恐惧症。

1 mere   

adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过

参考例句：

• That is a mere repetition of what you said before.那不过是重复了你以前讲的话。
• It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer.再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。

2 derive   

v.取得；导出；引申；来自；源自；出自

参考例句：

• We derive our sustenance from the land.我们从土地获取食物。
• We shall derive much benefit from reading good novels.我们将从优秀小说中获得很大好处。

3 apparently   

adv.显然地；表面上，似乎

参考例句：

• An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽，豁然开朗。
• He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。

4 contagion   

n.(通过接触的疾病)传染；蔓延

参考例句：

• A contagion of fear swept through the crowd.一种恐惧感在人群中迅速蔓延开。
• The product contagion effect has numerous implications for marketing managers and retailers.产品传染效应对市场营销管理者和零售商都有很多的启示。

5 positively   

adv.明确地，断然，坚决地；实在，确实

参考例句：

• She was positively glowing with happiness.她满脸幸福。
• The weather was positively poisonous.这天气着实讨厌。