时差N小时 人体如何造血?

If blood didn't circulate through our bodies, carrying oxygenand nutrients¹, we wouldn't be able to live.

如果血液不能在我们身体内循环，为人体输送氧气和营养，我们便无法存活。

Blood is so important to life that the body constantlymakes new blood.

血液对生命十分重要，所以人体会不断的制造新鲜血液。

To do this, the body must produce the liquid part of blood, called plasma², and the cells that floatin it.

人体在造血时必须要产生血液的液体部分，即血浆，以及浮在血浆上的细胞。

Plasma is made mostly of water and salts that we absorb through our digestive tracts³ everyday.

血浆主要由我们通过消化道每天吸收的水和盐组成。

Its job is to deliver nutrients and water throughout the body.

它的作用就是输送水和营养物质到全身各个部位。

Ninety-nine percent of the blood cells floating in plasma are red blood cells,

浮在血浆上99%的血细胞都是红细胞，

which carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and give blood its red color.

它们会把肺部的氧气输送到全身各处，这样血液才会呈现出红色。

The average life of a red bloodcell is four months.

一个红细胞的平均寿命是4个月。

What Happens after that?

接下来会发生什么呢？

The spleen continuously destroys millions of old red blood cells, recycling the iron to make new red cells.

脾脏不断地将数百万老化的红细胞解体，循环利用其中的铁元素来制造新的红细胞。

White blood cells, which are part of the immune system, and platelets,

白细胞是人体免疫系统的一部分而血小板则在人体伤口处起到凝血作用，

which help with bloodclotting at a site of injury, also float in plasma.

这两种血细胞也都漂浮在血浆上。

They have much shorter life spans than red cellsand also are replaced continuously.

但是它们的存活周期要比红细胞短，同时也会被不断地更新。

If you've ever seen a bone cut crosswise, with soft tissue called marrow⁴ inside, then you've seenwhere blood cells are made.

如果你看到过一块被横切的骨头，你就会看到里面的软组织，即骨髓，它是专门制造血细胞的。

Bone marrow contains special blood cells,

骨髓含有特殊的血细胞，

which constantly divide toproduce new cells to replace the ones that have been destroyed.

这种细胞会不断分离产生新的细胞来取代那 些已被破坏的细胞。

Why all this bloody⁵ business inthe bone marrow?

为什么所有的造血工作都在骨髓中进行呢？

The body's process of forming new blood cells helps you recover if you loseblood to an injury,

答案是如果你因受伤而流血的话，人体生成新血细胞的过程便能帮助你复原，

and it also helps blood perform its many functions despite cell damage and loss.

同时，尽管存在细胞受 损或缺失，这个过程也能帮助血液发挥很多其它的功能。

1 nutrients   

n.（食品或化学品）营养物，营养品( nutrient的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a lack of essential nutrients 基本营养的缺乏
• Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. 营养素被吸收进血液。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 plasma   

n.血浆，细胞质，乳清

参考例句：

• Keep some blood plasma back for the serious cases.留一些血浆给重病号。
• The plasma is the liquid portion of blood that is free of cells .血浆是血液的液体部分，不包含各种细胞。

3 tracts   

大片土地( tract的名词复数 )； 地带； （体内的）道； （尤指宣扬宗教、伦理或政治的）短文

参考例句：

• vast tracts of forest 大片大片的森林
• There are tracts of desert in Australia. 澳大利亚有大片沙漠。

4 marrow   

n.骨髓；精华；活力

参考例句：

• It was so cold that he felt frozen to the marrow. 天气太冷了，他感到寒冷刺骨。
• He was tired to the marrow of his bones.他真是累得筋疲力尽了。

5 bloody   

adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染

参考例句：

• He got a bloody nose in the fight.他在打斗中被打得鼻子流血。
• He is a bloody fool.他是一个十足的笨蛋。