时差N小时 疫苗的神奇作用(下)

The second type of vaccine¹ contains an attenuated² virus.

第二种类型的疫苗包含一种减毒病毒。

This virus is alive, but has been grown in the lab for several generations, so it isn't able to multiply very well in humans.

这种病毒本身是活的,但在实验室中已成长了几代,所以无法在人体中很好繁殖。

With the attenuated virus multiplying very slowly,your body is able to produce the correct antibodies before you get sick.

由于减毒病毒繁殖慢,因此你的身体在患病前就能够产生正确的抗体。

Measles³ and mumps⁴ vaccines⁵ are both made with attenuated viruses.

麻疹,腮腺炎疫苗都是用减毒病毒疫苗。

When most people in a community have become resistant⁶ to the virus, either through a vaccination⁷ or by having the virus and recovering, the community develops what is called “herd⁸ immunity⁹”.

经过接种疫苗或感染病毒恢复，一个社区的大多数人已对病毒变得具有抵抗力,社区就会发展成为“群体免疫”。

The nice thing about herd immunity is that it becomes statistically¹⁰ less likely for the germ to find a person without immunity.

群体免疫的好处是,从统计角度病菌不太可能找到一个没有免疫力的人。

This protects members of the community who haven't been vaccinated¹¹, or had the disease, by reducing their chances of encountering an infected person.

这样通过减少接触感染者，社区未接种疫苗或有疾病史的人就会得到保护。

1 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

2 attenuated   

v.（使）变细( attenuate的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）变薄；（使）变小；减弱

参考例句：

• an attenuated form of the virus 毒性已衰减的病毒
• You're a seraphic suggestion of attenuated thought . 你的思想是轻灵得如同天使一般的。 来自辞典例句

3 measles   

n.麻疹，风疹，包虫病，痧子

参考例句：

• The doctor is quite definite about Tom having measles.医生十分肯定汤姆得了麻疹。
• The doctor told her to watch out for symptoms of measles.医生叫她注意麻疹出现的症状。

4 mumps   

n.腮腺炎

参考例句：

• Sarah got mumps from her brother.萨拉的弟弟患腮腺炎，传染给她了。
• I was told not go near Charles. He is sickening for mumps.别人告诉我不要走近查尔斯， 他染上了流行性腮腺炎。

5 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

6 resistant   

adj.(to)抵抗的，有抵抗力的

参考例句：

• Many pests are resistant to the insecticide.许多害虫对这种杀虫剂有抵抗力。
• They imposed their government by force on the resistant population.他们以武力把自己的统治强加在持反抗态度的人民头上。

7 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

8 herd   

n.兽群，牧群；vt.使集中，把…赶在一起

参考例句：

• She drove the herd of cattle through the wilderness.她赶着牛群穿过荒野。
• He had no opinions of his own but simply follow the herd.他从无主见，只是人云亦云。

9 immunity   

n.优惠；免除；豁免，豁免权

参考例句：

• The law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。
• He claims diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.他要求外交豁免以便避免被捕。

10 statistically   

ad.根据统计数据来看，从统计学的观点来看

参考例句：

• The sample of building permits is larger and therefore, statistically satisfying. 建筑许可数的样本比较大，所以统计数据更令人满意。
• The results of each test would have to be statistically independent. 每次试验的结果在统计上必须是独立的。

11 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？