时差N小时 药物与学习能力

Yael, when you experience something new, do you knowwhat happens to your brain?

你知道当你碰到新的东西的时候，你的大脑会发生什么吗？

Some of the neurons in your brain build new connections.

大脑中的神经元会建立起新的连接。

My brain is rewired, as scientists often put it.

就像科学家们经常做的，这个时候的大脑在重新装入信息。

Our brains arealways changing, in response to new experiences or as a resultof learning new information.

由于我们接触到了新的东西或是获得了新的信息，我们的大脑一直都在不停的变化。

That's how we're able to learn and remember new experiences andinformation.

我们就是以这样的方式来学习和记忆新的东西，新的信息。

You got it! But you know what happens to your brain when you experience new things afteryou done psychol similar drugs, such as amphetamine or cocaine¹?

就是这样的。但是你知道在服用了安非他命或可卡因这一类药物这样的情况下，接触到新事物时你的大脑又会发生什么吗？

The same thing? Right？Or no?

没什么不同的，吧？对吗？

The answer is, no!

答案当然是“No”。

Evidence indicates that prior use of some drugs impairs² the brain's ability to forge new connections between neurons in response to new experiences.

有科学依据称，在接触新事物之前服用某些药物会破坏大脑神经元之间建立连接的能力。

Scientists took abunch of rats and gave some of them either amphetamine or cocaine for twenty days, while givingthe others a saline solution for twenty days.

科学家们用大量的老鼠来做了试验。他们将老鼠分成两组，给第一组老鼠喂食20天的安非他命或是可卡因，给第二组老鼠喂食20天的盐水。

When the twenty days were up, half of the rats were moved from ordinary laboratory cages tofancy new cages equipped with all kinds of bridges, ramps³, tunnels, and other toys.

20天过后，他们将一半的老鼠从普通的实验笼子转移到“超豪华”的新笼子里，里面有桥梁，有坡道，有隧道，还有其他的玩具。

After three andhalf months the scientists examined all of the rats brains.

三个半月后，科学家们对老鼠的大脑进行了仔细的研究。

They discovered that the saline solution rats that were moved to the new cages had a greater number of neuronal connections than all the other rats, including the drugged rats in the newcages.

他们发现，搬入新“家”的喂食盐水的老鼠比其他的老鼠建立了更多的神经元连接。

These findings may aid in explaining some of the behavioral and cognitive⁴ impairments viewed in people who are addicted⁵ to drugs.

这些研究发现可能有助于解释为什么那些吸毒成瘾的人会有一定的行为和认知障碍。

1 cocaine   

n.可卡因，古柯碱（用作局部麻醉剂）

参考例句：

• That young man is a cocaine addict.那个年轻人吸食可卡因成瘾。
• Don't have cocaine abusively.不可滥服古柯碱。

2 impairs   

v.损害，削弱( impair的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Smoking impairs our health. 吸烟会损害我们的健康。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Almost anything that impairs liver function can cause hepatitis. 任何有损于肝功能的因素，几乎都会引起肝炎。 来自辞典例句

3 ramps   

resources allocation and multiproject scheduling 资源分配和多项目的行程安排

参考例句：

• Ramps should be provided for wheelchair users. 应该给轮椅使用者提供坡道。
• He has the upper floor and ramps are fitted everywhere for his convenience. 他住在上面一层，为了他的方便着想，到处设有坡道。

4 cognitive   

adj.认知的，认识的，有感知的

参考例句：

• As children grow older,their cognitive processes become sharper.孩子们越长越大，他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。
• The cognitive psychologist is like the tinker who wants to know how a clock works.认知心理学者倒很像一个需要通晓钟表如何运转的钟表修理匠。

5 addicted   

adj.沉溺于....的，对...上瘾的

参考例句：

• He was addicted to heroin at the age of 17.他17岁的时候对海洛因上了瘾。
• She's become addicted to love stories.她迷上了爱情小说。