时代周刊 人生长寿而精彩的秘诀(4)

(While) in a lot of ways, relationships with friends had a similar effect as those with family,

“(尽管）很多时候，与朋友的关系和与家人的关系对健康有着类似的影响，”

says William Chopik, assistant professor of psychology¹ at Michigan State University and the author of the study,

该项研究的研究员兼密歇根州立大学心理学助理教授William Chopik如是说到，

in others, they surpassed them.

“但在其他时候，前者对健康的影响要大于后者。”

If the primacy of family has been oversold as a key to long life, so has the importance of avoiding conflict or emotional upset.

如果说家庭至上的地位被人们过度推崇成了长寿的关键，那避免冲突以及情绪不稳定的重要性也不例外。

Shouting back at cable news is no way to spend your golden years,

一边看电视新闻一边破口大骂绝对不适合人生的黄金岁月，

but passion, it’s turning out, may be more life-sustaining than apathy², engagement more than indifference³.

但事实表明，激情和参与要比冷漠和漠不关心更有利于长寿。

In a study published by the American Aging Association,

在美国老龄化协会发表的一项研究中，

researchers analyzed⁴ data from the Georgia Centenarian Study,

研究人员分析了“格鲁吉亚百岁老人研究”的数据，

a survey of 285 people who were at least (or nearly) 100 years old,

该研究调查了285名至少（或接近）100岁的人，

as well as 273 family members and other proxies⁵ who provided information about them.

以及273名家庭成员或其他提供这些人信息的代理人。

The investigators⁶ were looking at how the subjects scored on various personality traits,

调查人员研究了受试者各个人格特征的分值，

including conscientiousness⁷, extraversion, hostility⁸ and neuroticism⁹.

比如责任心，外向性，是否经常言行带刺，是否存在神经质问题等。

As a group, the centenarians tested lower on neuroticism and higher on competence¹⁰ and extraversion

从整体来看，百岁老人神经质这一指标分值较低，能力和外向分值较高。

Their proxies ranked them a bit higher on neuroti-cism, as well as on hostility.

而代理人给他们的神经质和言行带刺方面打的分值略高一些。

It’s impossible to draw a straight line between those strong personality traits and long life,

我们无法在鲜明的性格特征和长寿之间划一条直线，

but the authors saw a potential one,

但研究人员们还是看到了希望，

citing other studies showing that centenarians rank high on "moral righteousness,"

他们引用了其他研究，那些研究表明百岁老人在“道德正义”方面排名较为靠前，

which leads to robust¹¹ temperaments¹² that "may help centenarians adapt well to later life."

而那些特点会给人带来健康的“可能帮助了百岁老人很好地适应老年生活”的性情。

At the same time, that crankiness, judiciously¹³ deployed¹⁴, can be adaptive, its polar opposite— cheerfulness and optimism—may be less so.

然而发挥得当的话，那种谨慎的态度也有利于适应老年生活，而其另一面-快乐和乐观-或许就不那么有利了。

Worried people are likelier to be vigilant¹⁵ people,

因为容易焦虑的人很可能警惕性很强，

alert to a troubling physical symptom

对令人不安的身体症状会很敏感，

or a loss of some faculty¹⁶ that overly optimistic people might dismiss.

对乐天派可能会无视的某些能力的丧失也是如此。

Friedman and his collaborator¹⁷ Leslie R. Martin, a professor of psychology at La Sierra University in Riverside, Calif.,

弗里德曼和他的共同研究者、加州里弗赛德拉塞拉大学心理学教授莱斯利·R. 马丁，

base their book on work begun in 1921 by Stanford University psychologist Lewis Terman,

共同出了一本书，书的内容基于斯坦福大学心理学家刘易斯·特曼于1921年开始的一项研究

who recruited 1,500 boys and girls born around 1910 and proposed to follow them throughout their lifetimes

刘易斯招募了1500名1910年左右出生的一批男女，并对他们进行了终身的跟踪调查，

and, when he died—which happened in 1956—to have successors continue the work.

他去世的时候 - 也就是1956年 - 他的继任者接替了他的工作。

Friedman and Martin have been two of those successors, and they’ve learned a lot.

弗里德曼和马丁两人也是其中之一，而且他们从这项研究中受益颇多。

"Our research found that the more cheerful, outgoing children did not, for the most part,

“我们的研究发现，在大多数情况下，更开朗更外向的孩子

live any longer than their more introverted or serious classmates," says Friedman.

并没有比更内向更严肃的同学更长寿，”弗里德曼说。

Excessively happy people may ignore real threats and fail to take precautions or follow medical advice.

过于幸福的人可能会忽略真正的健康威胁，没有提前做好预防措施或者遵从医嘱。

It is O.K. to fret—if in a responsible manner.

会焦虑也没关系——如果这种焦虑是本着负责任的态度的话。

1 psychology   

n.心理，心理学，心理状态

参考例句：

• She has a background in child psychology.她受过儿童心理学的教育。
• He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。

2 apathy   

n.漠不关心，无动于衷；冷淡

参考例句：

• He was sunk in apathy after his failure.他失败后心恢意冷。
• She heard the story with apathy.她听了这个故事无动于衷。

3 indifference   

n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎

参考例句：

• I was disappointed by his indifference more than somewhat.他的漠不关心使我很失望。
• He feigned indifference to criticism of his work.他假装毫不在意别人批评他的作品。

4 analyzed   

v.分析( analyze的过去式和过去分词 )；分解；解释；对…进行心理分析

参考例句：

• The doctors analyzed the blood sample for anemia. 医生们分析了贫血的血样。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The young man did not analyze the process of his captivation and enrapturement, for love to him was a mystery and could not be analyzed. 这年轻人没有分析自己蛊惑著迷的过程，因为对他来说，爱是个不可分析的迷。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 proxies   

n.代表权( proxy的名词复数 )；（测算用的）代替物；（对代理人的）委托书；（英国国教教区献给主教等的）巡游费

参考例句：

• SOCKS and proxies are unavailable. Try connecting to XX again? socks和代理不可用。尝试重新连接到XX吗？ 来自互联网
• All proxies are still down. Continue with direct connections? 所有的代理仍然有故障。继续直接连接吗？ 来自互联网

6 investigators   

n.调查者，审查者( investigator的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• This memo could be the smoking gun that investigators have been looking for. 这份备忘录可能是调查人员一直在寻找的证据。
• The team consisted of six investigators and two secretaries. 这个团队由六个调查人员和两个秘书组成。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 conscientiousness   

责任心

参考例句：

• Conscientiousness is expected of a student. 学生要诚实。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Only has the conscientiousness, diligently works, can make a more splendid result! 只有脚踏实地，努力工作，才能做出更出色的成绩！ 来自互联网

8 hostility   

n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争

参考例句：

• There is open hostility between the two leaders.两位领导人表现出公开的敌意。
• His hostility to your plan is well known.他对你的计划所持的敌意是众所周知的。

9 neuroticism   

n.神经过敏症

参考例句：

• Is Neuroticism an Independent Dimension of Chinese Personality Structure? 中国人有没有独立的“神经质”人格维度？ 来自互联网
• The usual smoking behavior of male had notable correlation with neuroticism dimension. 男生经常性的吸烟行为与神经质维度显著相关。 来自互联网

10 competence   

n.能力，胜任，称职

参考例句：

• This mess is a poor reflection on his competence.这种混乱情况说明他难当此任。
• These are matters within the competence of the court.这些是法院权限以内的事。

11 robust   

adj.强壮的，强健的，粗野的，需要体力的，浓的

参考例句：

• She is too tall and robust.她个子太高，身体太壮。
• China wants to keep growth robust to reduce poverty and avoid job losses,AP commented.美联社评论道，中国希望保持经济强势增长，以减少贫困和失业状况。

12 temperaments   

性格( temperament的名词复数 )； （人或动物的）气质； 易冲动； （性情）暴躁

参考例句：

• The two brothers have exactly opposite temperaments: one likes to be active while the other tends to be quiet and keep to himself. 他们弟兄两个脾气正好相反， 一个爱动，一个好静。
• For some temperaments work is a remedy for all afflictions. 对于某些人来说，工作是医治悲伤的良药。

13 judiciously   

adv.明断地，明智而审慎地

参考例句：

• Let's use these intelligence tests judiciously. 让我们好好利用这些智力测试题吧。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• His ideas were quaint and fantastic. She brought him judiciously to earth. 他的看法荒廖古怪，她颇有见识地劝他面对现实。 来自辞典例句

14 deployed   

（尤指军事行动）使展开( deploy的过去式和过去分词 )； 施展； 部署； 有效地利用

参考例句：

• Tanks have been deployed all along the front line. 沿整个前线已部署了坦克。
• The artillery was deployed to bear on the fort. 火炮是对着那个碉堡部署的。

15 vigilant   

adj.警觉的，警戒的，警惕的

参考例句：

• He has to learn how to remain vigilant through these long nights.他得学会如何在这漫长的黑夜里保持警觉。
• The dog kept a vigilant guard over the house.这只狗警醒地守护着这所房屋。

16 faculty   

n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员

参考例句：

• He has a great faculty for learning foreign languages.他有学习外语的天赋。
• He has the faculty of saying the right thing at the right time.他有在恰当的时候说恰当的话的才智。

17 collaborator   

n.合作者，协作者

参考例句：

• I need a collaborator to help me. 我需要个人跟我合作，帮我的忙。
• His collaborator, Hooke, was of a different opinion. 他的合作者霍克持有不同的看法。