时代周刊 也门陷入"世界上最严重的人道主义危机"

Yemen enters its fourth year of war—and humanitarian¹ crisis

也门进入战争及人道主义危机第四个年头

ON MARCH 25, 2015, SAUDI ARABIA launched airstrikes on Yemen,

2015年3月25日，沙特在也门发动了空袭，

abruptly² escalating³ a civil war into a regional conflagration⁴.

一场内战由此突然升级成了地区冲突。

Yemen was already the poorest country on the Arabian Peninsula even before the Saudis intervened,

即使是沙特介入之前，也门也已经是整个阿拉伯半岛最贫穷的国家，

with U. S. support, to halt the military progress of a rebellious⁵ tribe that had taken over the capital city, Sana’a.

在美国的支持下，沙特企图通过战争制止已经攻陷也门首都萨那的反叛军的进一步军事化发展。

Three years later, the fighting has produced no clear winner and is what the U.N. calls "the worst man-made humanitarian crisis of our time."

三年过去了，这场依然没有出现哪一方会明显胜出的迹象的战斗被联合国称之为“我们这个时代最为严重的一起人为造成的人道主义危机”。

(First of all)HOW IT STARTED

（1.）事情的起因

The Saudi-led coalition— including the U.S., the UAE and France—sent warplanes to strike targets inside Yemen

沙特领导的联盟——成员还有美国，阿联酋和法国——派遣战机袭击也门境内的目标，

in support of President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi's government.

意图以此支持总统阿卜杜勒-拉布·曼苏尔·哈迪领导的现任政府。

Hadi inherited his rocky presidency⁶ from the late Ali Abdullah Saleh,

哈迪从已故的阿里·阿卜杜拉·萨利赫那里继承了他那摇摇欲坠的总统职位，

a deposed⁷ strongman who later attempted to topple his successor by aligning⁸ with Houthi insurgents⁹, members of a minority group of Shi‘ite Muslims backed by Iran.

阿里这名被废黜的独裁者后来还试图联合胡塞叛乱分子，都是背后有伊朗撑腰的少数派什叶派穆斯林成员，推翻他的继任者。

Hadi had led Yemen after the rebels overran Sana‘a the previous September.

去年9月叛乱分子攻陷萨那后，也门一直是哈迪在领导。

（And then）LIFE DISRUPTED

（2.）生活被扰乱

War has continued to rage, and U.N.-sponsored peace talks have collapsed¹⁰.

战争依旧十分激烈，联合国发起的和平谈判也已破裂。

Human-rights groups have decried¹¹ the Saudi-led coalition's dropping of U.S.-made cluster munitions¹², including at a funeral in October 2016, while the insurgents' assaults have become increasingly audacious.

人权组织谴责，他们连2016年10月的一场葬礼都不放过，沙特领导的联盟在叛乱分子的攻击日益嚣张时放弃了美国制造的集束弹药。

On the war's recent third anniversary, seven ballistic missiles were fired at Saudi Arabia, with three directed at Riyadh, the capital city.

前不久，就在这场战争三周年之际，七枚弹道导弹朝着沙特飞驰而去，其中三颗是冲着首都利雅得去的。

At least one civilian¹³ died.

造成了至少一名平民死亡。

(And then)NEW WARNINGS

（3.）新的警告

Some 15,000 Yemenis have been killed or injured since fighting began,

战争开始以来，也门已经有将近1.5万人被杀或受伤，

and millions of those still alive are threatened by famine, acute malnutrition¹⁴, forced displacement¹⁵ and preventable diseases like cholera¹⁶.

数百万活着的人也面临着饥荒，严重营养不良，被迫流离失所和霍乱等可预防疾病的重重威胁。

In March, UNICEF warned that a new outbreak of the disease, which affected¹⁷ more than 1 million Yemeni children in 2017, was likely to hit soon

3月，联合国儿童基金会警告说，2017年困扰了超100万也门儿童的霍乱将会再次爆发，

unless the world made "a huge and immediate¹⁸ investment" in preventing it—

除非全人类社会在预防霍乱方面“立即做出巨额投资”——

an effort that, as the war enters its fourth year, has yet to begin.

而这一努力，眼见战争已经进入第四个年头，还尚未开始。

1 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

2 abruptly   

adv.突然地，出其不意地

参考例句：

• He gestured abruptly for Virginia to get in the car.他粗鲁地示意弗吉尼亚上车。
• I was abruptly notified that a half-hour speech was expected of me.我突然被通知要讲半个小时的话。

3 escalating   

v.（使）逐步升级( escalate的现在分词 )；（使）逐步扩大；（使）更高；（使）更大

参考例句：

• The cost of living is escalating. 生活费用在迅速上涨。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The cost of living is escalating in the country. 这个国家的生活费用在上涨。 来自辞典例句

4 conflagration   

n.建筑物或森林大火

参考例句：

• A conflagration in 1947 reduced 90 percent of the houses to ashes.1947年的一场大火，使90%的房屋化为灰烬。
• The light of that conflagration will fade away.这熊熊烈火会渐渐熄灭。

5 rebellious   

adj.造反的，反抗的，难控制的

参考例句：

• They will be in danger if they are rebellious.如果他们造反，他们就要发生危险。
• Her reply was mild enough,but her thoughts were rebellious.她的回答虽然很温和，但她的心里十分反感。

6 presidency   

n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期)

参考例句：

• Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。

7 deposed   

v.罢免( depose的过去式和过去分词 )；（在法庭上）宣誓作证

参考例句：

• The president was deposed in a military coup. 总统在军事政变中被废黜。
• The head of state was deposed by the army. 国家元首被军队罢免了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 aligning   

n. (直线)对准 动词align的现在分词形式

参考例句：

• There are signs that the prime minister is aligning himself with the liberals. 有迹象表明首相正在与自由党人结盟。
• ToolTips provide textual hints that assist in drawing lines and aligning objects. 工具提示提供了协助画线和对象对齐的文本提示。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

9 insurgents   

n.起义，暴动，造反( insurgent的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The regular troops of Baden joined the insurgents. 巴登的正规军参加到起义军方面来了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Against the Taliban and Iraqi insurgents, these problems are manageable. 要对付塔利班与伊拉克叛乱分子，这些问题还是可以把握住的。 来自互联网

10 collapsed   

adj.倒塌的

参考例句：

• Jack collapsed in agony on the floor. 杰克十分痛苦地瘫倒在地板上。
• The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. 房顶在雪的重压下突然坍塌下来。

11 decried   

v.公开反对，谴责( decry的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The measures were decried as useless. 这些措施受到指责，说是不起作用。
• The old poet decried the mediocrity of today's writing. 老诗人抨击了现代文体的平庸无奇。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

12 munitions   

n.军火，弹药；v.供应…军需品

参考例句：

• The army used precision-guided munitions to blow up enemy targets.军队用精确瞄准的枪炮炸掉敌方目标。
• He rose [made a career for himself] by dealing in munitions.他是靠贩卖军火发迹的。

13 civilian   

adj.平民的，民用的，民众的

参考例句：

• There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
• He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。

14 malnutrition   

n.营养不良

参考例句：

• In Africa, there are a lot of children suffering from severe malnutrition.在非洲有大批严重营养不良的孩子。
• It is a classic case of malnutrition. 这是营养不良的典型病例。

15 displacement   

n.移置，取代，位移，排水量

参考例句：

• They said that time is the feeling of spatial displacement.他们说时间是空间位移的感觉。
• The displacement of all my energy into caring for the baby.我所有精力都放在了照顾宝宝上。

16 cholera   

n.霍乱

参考例句：

• The cholera outbreak has been contained.霍乱的发生已被控制住了。
• Cholera spread like wildfire through the camps.霍乱在营地里迅速传播。

17 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

18 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。