时代周刊:“千禧一代”即将成为时代的主宰(4)

But the data tell a different story.

然而，数据讲述的却是另一个故事。

Researchers have found that popular Presidents tend to attract young people to their party, while unpopular Presidents repel¹ them.

研究人员发现，受欢迎的总统往往能吸引年轻人加入其政党，反之则会让年轻人反感其政党。

Those formative attitudes are persistent²:

这种逐渐养成的态度还会持续下去：

if you're disenchanted by a Republican President as a teenager,

如果你在青少年时期对某位共和党总统感到过失望，

you're disproportionately more likely to vote for Democrats⁴ well into your adult life.

那你成年后投票给民主党的可能性就会比其他人高出许多。

One Pew study of 2012 data found that those who turned 18 during the unpopular Republican Richard Nixon years

皮尤研究中心研究2012年的调查数据发现，不受欢迎的共和党总统理查德·尼克松执政期间成年的那些人

were more likely to vote for Democrat³ Barack Obama,

在2012年总统竞选时更倾向于投票给民主党的巴拉克·奥巴马，

while those who turned 18 just a decade later, during the prosperous Ronald Reagan years,

而比他们晚10年，也即在罗纳德·里根给美国带来繁荣昌盛的那段时间成年的人

tended to vote for Obama's GOP opponent in the 2012 presidential race, Mitt⁵ Romney.

则倾向于投票给奥巴马的共和党对手米特·罗姆尼。

In several studies, Andrew Gelman, a political scientist at Columbia University,

哥伦比亚大学的政治学家安德鲁·吉尔曼

and Yair Ghitza, chief scientist at Catalist, a data provider for Democratic and progressive organizations,

与民主进步组织的数据服务商Catalist的首席科学家亚尔·吉扎经过多次研究发现，

found that political events experienced between the ages of 14 and 24 have roughly triple the impact of events experienced later in life.

一个人14~24岁之间经历的政治事件对他/她的影响大约是在之后的生活中经历的事件的影响的三倍。

(Their research focused on white voters,

(他们的研究对象主要是白人选民，

since longitudinal data on voters of color is more difficult to find.)

因为很难找到涉及有色人种选民的纵向数据。)

"It's much more about cohort than age," Gelman says.

“比起年龄，这个问题跟世代的关系更大，”盖尔曼说。

"One way of understanding these up and down trend lines over the decades is asking:

要理解几十年来这些起起伏伏的趋势，一个办法就是想一想，

What happened when people were young?"

在大家年轻的时候究竟发生了什么？”

Consider, then, the millennial⁶ generation's experience of America so far.

现在，不妨回想一下到目前为止，千禧一代体会到的是怎样的一个美国？

For many, their political awakening⁷ came on Sept.11, 2001.

对很多千禧一代而言，他们的政治觉醒都是从2001年9月11日那天开始的。

Ocasio-Cortez, then a seventh-grader, remembers coming home early from school and watching the towers fall on television,

当时才上7年级的奥卡西奥-科特兹记得，那天她放学后到家很早，看着电视里的（世贸中心）双子塔逐渐倒塌，

wondering whether her mom would be home from work in time for the apocalypse.

她担心妈妈是否能在末日来临前及时下班回家。

Representative Max Rose, then a high school freshman⁸,

现任众议员马克斯·罗斯当时还是一名高一新生，

surprised his parents after the tragedy by hanging an American flag in his messy teenage bedroom in New York City.

悲剧发生后，家住纽约市的他便在自己那凌乱的中学生卧室里挂上了一面美国国旗，让他的父母大感意外。

Stefanik, who was a high school senior in Albany, N.Y.,

当时还是纽约州（首府）奥尔巴尼市高三学生的斯蒂芬尼克记得，

remembers watching a friend collapse⁹ on the floor because her sister worked in one of the towers.

一个朋友因为有姐姐在其中一座塔楼工作当场晕倒在了地上。

(The friend's sister was ultimately found safe.)

（后来发现这位朋友的姐姐安然无恙。）

"It's one of the reasons I wanted to go into public policy," Stefanik told me later.

“这就是我想从事公共政策领域的原因之一，”斯蒂芬尼克后来告诉我。

"On that day, we became a globally aware generation."

“就是那天，我们蜕变成了拥有全球意识的一代人。”

The millennials who enlisted¹⁰ to fight in the endless wars that followed would learn firsthand the consequences of American foreign policy.

而那些随后应征加入了无休无止的战争的千禧一代亲身品尝到了美国外交政策的恶果。

Crenshaw, who was also in high school on 9/11, lost his eye in Afghanistan while serving as a Navy SEAL,

9·11事件发生时同样在上高中的克伦肖后来加入了海豹突击队，他在阿富汗服役时失去了眼睛，

completing a mission he thought was a misguided use of resources by Obama's Pentagon.

而在他看来，他当时执行的任务不过是奥巴马领导下的五角大楼对资源的一场误用。

Rose was injured by an improvised¹¹ explosive device in Afghanistan;

罗斯在阿富汗被简易爆炸装置炸伤；

his life was saved by a new kind of Stryker vehicle that has been recently funded by Congress.

后为最近拿到了国会赞助的一款新型史赛克车所救。

When Buttigieg arrived in Afghanistan as a naval¹² intelligence officer in 2014,

2014年，布蒂吉格作为海军情报官员抵达阿富汗时，

his fellow officers told him the war was over:

他的战友告诉他，战争已经结束了：

he spent most of his nights in his bunk¹³,

他晚上的大部分时间都是在他的床铺上度过的，

reading Tolstoy's War and Peace and thinking about the question Vietnam veteran John Kerry once asked during congressional testimony¹⁴:

读托尔斯泰的《战争与和平》，思考越战老兵约翰·克里在国会作证时提出的问题：

"How do you ask a man to be the last man to die for a mistake?"

“如何说服一个人去当最后那个为错误献身的人？”

1 repel   

v.击退，抵制，拒绝，排斥

参考例句：

• A country must have the will to repel any invader.一个国家得有决心击退任何入侵者。
• Particles with similar electric charges repel each other.电荷同性的分子互相排斥。

2 persistent   

adj.坚持不懈的，执意的；持续的

参考例句：

• Albert had a persistent headache that lasted for three days.艾伯特连续头痛了三天。
• She felt embarrassed by his persistent attentions.他不时地向她大献殷勤，使她很难为情。

3 democrat   

n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员

参考例句：

• The Democrat and the Public criticized each other.民主党人和共和党人互相攻击。
• About two years later,he was defeated by Democrat Jimmy Carter.大约两年后，他被民主党人杰米卡特击败。

4 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 mitt   

n.棒球手套，拳击手套，无指手套；vt.铐住，握手

参考例句：

• I gave him a baseball mitt for his birthday.为祝贺他的生日，我送给他一只棒球手套。
• Tom squeezed a mitt and a glove into the bag.汤姆把棒球手套和手套都塞进袋子里。

6 millennial   

一千年的，千福年的

参考例句：

• Both Russia and America looked to the future to fulfill their millennial expectations. 俄国和美国都把实现他们黄金时代的希望寄托于未来。
• The millennial generation is celebrating the global commons every day, apparently unmindful of Hardin's warning. 千禧一代显然对哈丁的警告不以为然，每天都在颂扬全球“公地”。

7 awakening   

n.觉醒，醒悟 adj.觉醒中的；唤醒的

参考例句：

• the awakening of interest in the environment 对环境产生的兴趣
• People are gradually awakening to their rights. 人们正逐渐意识到自己的权利。

8 freshman   

n.大学一年级学生(可兼指男女)

参考例句：

• Jack decided to live in during his freshman year at college.杰克决定大一时住校。
• He is a freshman in the show business.他在演艺界是一名新手。

9 collapse   

vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。

10 enlisted   

adj.应募入伍的v.（使）入伍， （使）参军( enlist的过去式和过去分词 )；获得（帮助或支持）

参考例句：

• enlisted men and women 男兵和女兵
• He enlisted with the air force to fight against the enemy. 他应募加入空军对敌作战。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

11 improvised   

a.即席而作的,即兴的

参考例句：

• He improvised a song about the football team's victory. 他即席创作了一首足球队胜利之歌。
• We improvised a tent out of two blankets and some long poles. 我们用两条毛毯和几根长竿搭成一个临时帐蓬。

12 naval   

adj.海军的，军舰的，船的

参考例句：

• He took part in a great naval battle.他参加了一次大海战。
• The harbour is an important naval base.该港是一个重要的海军基地。

13 bunk   

n.(车、船等倚壁而设的)铺位；废话

参考例句：

• He left his bunk and went up on deck again.他离开自己的铺位再次走到甲板上。
• Most economists think his theories are sheer bunk.大多数经济学家认为他的理论纯属胡说。

14 testimony   

n.证词；见证，证明

参考例句：

• The testimony given by him is dubious.他所作的证据是可疑的。
• He was called in to bear testimony to what the police officer said.他被传入为警官所说的话作证。