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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
2005.09上海市英语中级口译资格证书第一阶段考试
SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST(45 minutes)
Part A: Spot Dictation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.
If you find you spend more than you make, there are only two things to do: decrease your spending or _______________(1). It’s often easiest to decrease expenditures1, because your expenses tend to be more _______________(2). There are as many ways to _______________(3) as there are people looking to save it. For example, you may pool your resources with friends, or _______________(4) only during sales, or even live more simply.
But _______________(5) that saving money should not necessarily be an end in itself. Don’t _______________(6) of ways to save a dime2, and don’t get upset about situations where _______________(7) to spend money. The goal is to bring your budget into balance, not to become a tightwad who keeps _______________(8) of every penny and feels that spending money is a _______________(9). It is important to remember that budgets may be _______________(10) not only by decreasing expenditures, but also by increasing income. _______________(11) to increase income is to get a _______________(12) if you don’t already have one.
Many students work during college. Although working adds to the _______________(13) you will face, it does not mean that your grades will necessarily suffer. In fact, many students who work _______________(14) than those who don’t work, because those with jobs need to be _______________(15). Considering part-time work is often a better _______________(16) for dealing3 with budget shortfalls, than taking out a loan. Because student loans are _______________(17), it’s easy to use them as a crutch4. Loans can be of help _______________(18) or if you couldn’t afford to attend a college without them. If you do _______________(19), remind yourself: one day soon you’ll have to _______________(20), with interest.
Part B: Listening Comprehension
1. Statements
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
1. (A) I know many business people at the Beachside Hotel.
(B) The Beachside is the only favorite hotel for many business people.
(C) Many business people like to hold conferences in the Beachside Hotel.
(D) Many business people provide the best conference facilities for the Beachside.
2. (A) Only 25 to 30 college graduates will be short-listed for the interview.
(B) The applicants5 will be asked to do a qualification test.
(C) No one but 25 to 30-year-old college graduates can apply for the job.
(D) The department needs 25 to 30 college graduates to finish the evaluation6.
3. (A) Seldom are new scientific theories rejected quickly.
(B) New scientific theories are often slow to be accepted.
(C) Scientists rarely publish their theories immediately.
(D) Quick benefits are expected from this new scientific theory.
4. (A) We are content with our cooperation.
(B) We plan to strengthen our cooperation.
(C) The project was not approved by the two sides.
(D) The project was not completed on time.
5. (A) All the committee members except the chairman were against the proposal.
(B) Nobody wanted to put forward a proposal to open a second branch downtown.
(C) The chairman was the only one who was against the new proposal.
(D) After negotiations9, the committee decided10 to open a new branch downtown.
6. (A) We offer a five to ten percent discount unless you require immediate7 delivery.
(B) We promise to refund11 the money if we cannot send our products in time.
(C) If you order our products right now, we will give you certain commission in cash.
(D) Buying our products will save not only your money, but also your time.
7. (A) It was predicted that I would be the Guest of Honour at the Show.
(B) I had to wait for 20 years before I was invited to the Show.
(C) I didn’t expect that I would be the Guest of Honour at the Show.
(D) I suspected that I would be given a leading role in the movie.
8. (A) It wouldn't be wise to reopen the discussion on the project today.
(B) I think we should reconsider our investment in the project.
(C) Don't you think we could be wise by increasing our investment?
(D) Have you ever seen such a wonderful view of the woods?
9. (A) We will beat our rival in the football league match on the playground.
(B) We will have to consult the experts to learn our rival’s financial position.
(C) Our special knowledge and diligence will make up for our lack of funds.
(D) Our staff members are more experienced and diligent12 in raising funds.
10. (A) People using the Internet will soon be almost doubled.
(B) Population is exploding because of the Internet.
(C) Ten years ago, only rich people can afford to use the Internet.
(D) The Internet population will increase two-fold in ten years.
2. Talks and Conversations
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations.
After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully because you will
hear the talk or conversation and questions ONLY ONCE. When you hear a question,
read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write
the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER
BOOKLET.
Questions 11--14
11. (A) Make a phone call. (B) Ask for her advice.
(C) Return some books. (D) Borrow her notes.
12. (A) An essay on art. (B) A book review.
(C) A survey on IT industry. (D) A science project.
13. (A) Lend him some books. (B) Give him more advice.
(C) Return the books by Wednesday.
(D) Let him use her notes.
14. (A) On Friday. (B) The next day.
(C) In the evening. (D) A few hours later.
Questions 15--18
15. (A) Real words spoken by new-borns.
(B) Talk used with children by immature13 people.
(C) Lucky names for animals such as cows and dogs.
(D) Childish talk used with young children.
16. (A) It assists children to develop language skills more quickly.
(B) It earns more admiration14 from other parents.
(C) It makes children to become more obedient and humble15.
(D) It helps children better understand and communicate with adults.
17. (A) By speaking like a baby.
(B) By using real names.
(C) By being consistent.
(D) By talking in a patronizing way.
18. (A) Because they are the source of admiration from their peers.
(B) Because they can prepare children for the complexity16 in later life.
(C) Because they cost the parents less than the desserts and toys.
(D) Because they can help the children become more consistent in future.
Questions 19--22
19. (A) Restaurant owner and customer.
(B) Teacher and student.
(C) Husband and wife.
(D) Doctor and patient.
20. (A) Sometimes nothing at all.
(B) A sandwich and a cup of coffee.
(C) Some vitamin pills.
(D) Some mineral water.
21. (A) He’s tired of his promotion17 and new responsibilities.
(B) He finds it difficult to cope with so many urgent projects.
(C) He’s quite satisfied with the recent progress in his work.
(D) He thinks it to be a headache that he has to work late every night.
22. (A) Eating more food.
(B) Getting some exercise.
(C) Taking some medicine.
(D) Quitting his job.
Questions 23--26
23. (A) Writing. (B) Reading.
(C) Speaking. (D) Listening.
24. (A) Because we often take our ability to listening for granted.
(B) Because we are surrounded by all sorts of noises.
(C) Because we do not spend much time listening.
(D) Because we do not attach great importance to listening.
25. (A) 30 percent. (B) 45 percent.
(C) 50 percent. (D) 75 percent.
26. (A) The ship crew ignored repeated warnings.
(B) The passengers did not listen to the captain.
(C) The crew refused to obey the captain’s orders.
(D) The captain did not sleep well the night before the accident.
Questions 27--30
27. (A) Because he could avoid being killed by the H-bomb.
(B) Because he had a new world to fight for.
(C) Because he was able to enjoy a pollution-free life.
(D) Because he succeeded in setting up his own business.
28. (A) Moving from place to place.
(B) Enjoying life in the country.
(C) Making a little progress each day.
(D) Working and learning.
29. (A) Pollution and population explosion.
(B) Universal love and understanding between people.
(C) Advice and suggestions for their children.
(D) Responsibilities for one another regardless of race, colour or nationality.
30. (A) Because they don’t experience the same kind of problems.
(B) Because they cannot adapt themselves to the fast progress.
(C) Because they are too old to fight for a new world.
(D) Because they feel the generation gap is too great to span over.
Part C: Listening and Translation
1. Sentence Translation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
2. Passage Translation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.
(1)
(2)
SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS(45 minutes)
Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Questions 1--5
One day, drought may be a thing of the past, at least in any country not too far from the sea. Vast areas of desert throughout the world may for the first time come to life and provide millions of hectares of cultivated land where now nothing grows.
By the end of this century this may not be mere18 speculation19. Scientists are already looking into the possibility of using some of the available ice in the Arctic and Antarctic. In these regions there are vast ice-caps formed by snow that has fallen over the past 50,000 years. Layer upon layer of deep snow means that, when melted, the snow water would be pure, not salty as sea-ice would be. There is so much potential pure water here that it would need only a fraction to turn much of the desert or poorly irrigated20 parts of the world into rich farmland. And what useful packages would come in! It should be possible to hack21 off a bit of ice and transport it! Alternatively perhaps a passing iceberg22 could be captured. They are always breaking away from the main caps and floating around, pushed by currents, until they eventually melt and are wasted.
Many icebergs23 are, of course, much too small to be towed any distance, and would melt before they reached a country that needed them anywhere. It would be necessary to harness one that was manageable and that was big enough to provide a good supply when it reached us. Engineers think that an iceberg up to 11 kilometres long and 2 kilometres wide could be transported if the tug24 pulling it was as big as a supertanker! Even then they would cover only 32 kilometres every day. However, once the iceberg was at its destination, say at one end of Hong Kong harbour, more than 7,000 million cubic metres of water could be taken from it! That would probably be more than enough for Hong Kong even in the hottest summer! But no doubt a use could be found for it.
Apparently25, scientists say, there would not be too much wastage in such a journey. The larger the iceberg, the slower it melts, even if it is towed through the tropics. This is because when the sun has a bigger area to warm up, less heat actually gets into the iceberg. The vast frozen center would be unaffected.
Even with the giant tug that would have to be available to tow an iceberg seven miles long, the voyage would take many months from the Antarctic to Hong Kong, for example, but as stronger engines are built and more is known about sea currents, the journey could get shorter and shorter and thus the wastage less and less. Airline pilots have learnt to use jet streams ten miles above the earth to increase speed and save fuel so, surely, a boat towing an iceberg could make use of fast-flowing currents and avoid warmer water.
1. The main idea of the first paragraph is that _____.
(A) much of desert has been changed into rich farmland already
(B) the problem of drought could easily be solved all over the world
(C) ice from the polar area may be used to solve the problem of drought
(D) it is possible to solve the problem of drought in many countries
2. We learn form the passage that icebergs _____.
(A) took shape as early as 50,000 years ago
(B) are eventually wasted while floating around
(C) melt more slowly in tropics than in any other areas
(D) are often too big to be of any value
3. The difficulty of using ice to solve the drought problem lies in all of the following EXCEPT _____.
(A) the proper equipment for transportation
(B) the time taken on the journey
(C) the storage of the fresh water
(D) the proper size of icebergs
4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
(A) The time for towing icebergs may be made shorter.
(B) It is possible to use ships to tow icebergs from the polar areas.
(C) Airline pilots may make use of jet streams to help towing an iceberg.
(D) Not too much of the iceberg would melt while being towed through the oceans.
5. The author’s attitude towards the solution to the problem of drought is _____.
(A) doubtful
(B) positive
(C) discouraging
(D) critical
Questions 6--10
Most sore throats are caused by an infection which treatment with antibiotics27 cannot cure. But with simple remedies the patient normally gets better in 4 or 5 days. Sore throats are common. Most of the time the soreness is worse in the morning and improves as the day progresses.
Like colds, the vast majority of sore throats are caused by viral infections. This means most sore throats will NOT respond to antibiotics. Many people have a mild sore throat at the beginning of every cold. When the nose or sinuses become infected, drainage can run down the back of the throat and irritate it, especially at night. Or, the throat itself can be infected.
With a sore throat, sometimes the tonsils or surrounding parts of the throat are inflamed28. Either way, removing the tonsils to try to prevent future sore throats is not recommended for most children.
Tonsillitis, however, usually starts with a sore throat which causes pain on swallowing. With children—and some adults—there may be a fever and the patient is obviously not feeling well. It may be possible to see white spots on the back of the throat. The neck may also swell29, both of which are the normal response to infection.
Sometimes a sore throat may occur with the common cold, and with influenza30 there may be dryness of the throat, pain on coughing and loss of voice.
TREATMENT:
Aspirin31: To help relieve the pain on swallowing and (if there is one) the fever. Use aspirin tablets dissolved in water so that the patient can gargle before swallowing. Repeat the treatment every 4 hours.
Drink: Encourage the patient to drink plenty.
Food: Food should not be forced on a patient who does not want to eat.
Steam: If there is pain in the throat on coughing, breathing in steam may help.
CHILDREN:
Young children, who may not be able to gargle, should be given aspirin dissolved in water every 4 hours in the right dose for their age.
At one year: A single junior aspirin.
At five years: Half an adult aspirin.
At eight years: One whole adult aspirin.
WHEN TO SEE THE DOCTOR:
If the sore throat it still getting worse after 2 days.
If the patient complains of earache32.
It the patient’s fever increases.
If the patient or parent is very worried.
6. According to the passage, it would appear that most sore throats _____.
(A) require an immediate visit to a doctor
(B) respond quickly to treatment with an antibiotic26
(C) rarely turn out to be serious illnesses
(D) result in tonsillitis even when treated
7. One of the signs of tonsillitis can often be _____.
(A) difficulty in swallowing food and liquid
(B) pain in the chest when the patient coughs
(C) white spots appearing on the neck
(D) earache during the first four or five days
8. In order to treat a sore throat one should _____.
(A) prevent the patient from eating too much
(B) give the patient up to 4 aspirin tablets every hour
(C) make sure the patient takes in plenty of liquid
(D) make the patient gargle with soft drink
9. You should call the doctor in if _____.
(A) the infection spreads to another member of the family
(B) swelling33 occurs in the region of the ears
(C) the patient’s voice is lost after two days
(D) the patient’s condition continues to worsen
10. As used in the passage, the word “gargle” means _____.
(A) to wash one’s mouth and throat with a liquid in motion by breathing through it
(B) to eat something with a continuous and often audible action of one’s jaws34
(C) to bite and work in the mouth with one’s teeth, especially to make it easier to swallow something
(D) to cause or allow something, especially food or drink, to pass down one’s sore throat
Questions 11--15
I watched as Dr Ian Stead, the archaeologist in charge of the excavation35, began carefully removing the peat with a clay modelling tool. X-rays taken through the box while it was at the hospital revealed ribs36, backbone37, arm bones and a skull38 (apparently with fractures). However, the bones showed up only faintly because acid in the peat had removed minerals from them.
Using the X-rays, Stead started on what he thought might be a leg. By his side was Professor Frank Oldfield, of Liverpool University, an expert on peat who could identify vegetation from stems only a fraction of an inch long. “Similar bodies found in bogs39 in Denmark show signs of a violent death,” Stead said. “It is essential for us to be able to distinguish between the plant fibres in peat and clothing or a piece of rope which might have been used to hang him.”
As Stead continued his gentle probing, a brown leathery limb began to materialize amidst the peat; but not until most of it was exposed could he and Robert Connolly, a physical anthropologist40 at Liverpool University, decide that it was an arm. Beside it was a small piece of animal fur—perhaps the remains41 of clothing.
Following the forearm down into the peat, Stead found a brown shiny object and then, close by, two more. Seen under a magnifying glass, he suddenly realised they were fingernails—“beautifully manicured and without a scratch on them,” he said. “Most people at this time in the Iron Age were farmers; but with fingernails like that, this person can’t have been. He might have been a priest or an aristocrat42.”
Especially delicate work was required to reveal the head. On the third day, a curly sideburn appeared and, shortly afterwards, a moustache. At first it seemed that the man had been balding but gradually he was seen to have close-cropped hair, about an inch or two long.
“This information about his hairstyle is unique. We have no other information about what Britons looked like before the Roman invasion except for three small plaques43 showing Celts with drooping44 moustaches and shaven chins.”
The crucial clue showing how the man died had already been revealed, close to his neck, but it looked just like another innocent heather root. It was not recognised until two days later, when Margaret McCord, a senior conservation officer, found the sameroot at the back of his neck and, cleaning it carefully, saw its twisted texture45. “He’s been garrotted.” She declared. The ‘root’ was a length of twisted sinew, the thickness of strong string. A slip knot at the back shows how it was tightened46 round the neck.
“A large discoloration on the left shoulder suggests a bruise47 and possibly a violent struggle,” Stead said.
11. The X-rays that were taken showed Stead and Oldfield _____.
(A) a vague picture of the bones
(B) exactly what they were looking for
(C) which deposits were clay and which peat
(D) exactly how the man had died
12. The researchers suspected the man had met a violent death because _____.
(A) he was still wearing clothes
(B) similar bodies had been found elsewhere
(C) there were traces of a hanging rope in the peat
(D) he hadn’t been buried in a coffin48
13. It was the forearm they uncovered which _____.
(A) required the most delicate work
(B) indicated the age of the man
(C) told them something about the man’s clothes
(D) led them to discover the fingernails
14. Why did the researchers think the man was possibly a priest?
(A) He had closely-cropped hair.
(B) His coat was fur-lined
(C) He had a drooping moustache and shaven chin.
(D) His fingernails were well looked after.
15. It was established that the man they dug out of the peat had been _____.
(A) beheaded
(B) strangled
(C) drowned
(D) stabbed in the neck
Questions 16--20
Does using a word processor affect a writer’s style? The medium usually does do something to the message after all, even if Marshall McLuhan’s claim that the medium simply is the message has been heard and largely forgotten now. The question matters. Ray Hammond, in his excellent guide The Writer and the Word Processor (Coronet ￡2.95 pp224), predicts that over half of the professional writers in Britain and the USA will be using word processors by the end of 1995. The best-known recruit is Len Deighton, from as long ago as 1968, though most users have only started since the micro-computer boom began in 1980.
Ironically word processing is in some ways psychologically more like writing in rough than typing, since it restores fluidity and provisionality to the text. The typist’s dread49 of having to get out the Tippex, the scissors and paste, or of redoing the whole thing if he has any substantial second thoughts, can make him consistently choose the safer option in his sentences, or let something stand which he knows to be unsatisfactory or incomplete, out of weariness. In word processing the text is loosened up whilst still retaining the advantage of looking formally finished.
This has, I think, two apparently contradictory50 effects. The initial writing can become excessively sloppy51 and careless, in the expectation that it will be corrected later. That crucial first inspiration is never easy to recapture though, and therefore, on the other hand, the writing can become over-deliberated, lacking in flow and spontaneity, since revision becomes a larger part of composition. However these are faults easier to detect in others than in oneself.
For most writers, word processing quite rapidly comes to feel like the ideal method (and can always be a second step after drafting on paper if you prefer). Most of the writers interviewed by Hammond say it has improved their style (“immensely”, says Deighton). Seeing your own words on a screen helps you to feel cool and detached about them.
Thus it is not just by freeing you from the labour of mechanical re-typing that a word processor can help you to write. One author (Terence Feely) claims it has increased his output by 400%. Possibly the feeling of having a reactive machine, which appears to do things, rather than just have things done with it, accounts for this—your slave works hard and so do you.
Are there no drawbacks? It costs a lot and takes time to learn—“expect to lose weeks of work”, says Hammond, though days might be nearer the mark. Notoriously it is possible to lose work altogether on a word processor, and this happens to everybody at least once. The awareness52 that what you have written no longer exists at all anywhere, is unbelievably enraging53 and baffling.
16. According to the first paragraph of the passage, what is the obvious change for professional writers in Britain and the USA?
(A) The style they are employing.
(B) The medium they are using.
(C) The way they are being recruited.
(D) The paper they are writing on.
17. Typing in the conventional manner, a writer may _____.
(A) choose to white more carefully
(B) make more mistakes
(C) become overcritical of his or her work
(D) have a lot of second thoughts
18. One effect of using a word processor may be that the ongoing54 revision of a text _____.
(A) is done with too little attention
(B) produces a sloppy effect
(C) is lacking in flow and spontaneity
(D) does not encourage one to pick up mistakes
19. It is claimed here that word processors create _____.
(A) a sense of power in the writer’s mind
(B) a reluctance55 in the author to express himself or herself
(C) an illusion as if you were a servant of the machine
(D) a feeling of distance between a writer and his or her work
20. As far as learning to use a word processor is concerned, the author of the passage mentions a number of drawbacks EXCEPT that _____.
(A) it takes time
(B) it is costly56
(C) the user may rely too much on the machine
(D) the user may lose weeks of work
Questions 21--25
In almost all cases the soft parts of fossils are gone for ever but they were fitted around or within the hard parts. Many of them also were attached to the hard parts and usually such attachments57 are visible as depressed58 or elevated areas, ridges59, or grooves60, smooth or rough patches on the hard parts. The muscles most important for the activities of the animal and most evident in the appearance of the living animal are those attached to the hard parts and possible to reconstruct from their attachments. Much can be learned about a vanished brain from the inside of the skull in which it was lodged61.
Restoration of the external appearance of an extinct animal has little or no scientific value. It does not even help in inferring what the activities of the living animal were, how fast it could run, what its food was, or such other conclusions as are important for the history of life. However, what most people want to know about extinct animals is what they looked like when they were alive. Scientists also would like to know. Things like fossil shells present no great problem as a rule, because the hard parts are external when the animal is alive and the outer appearance is actually preserved in the fossils.
Animals in which the skeleton is internal present great problems of restoration, and honest restorers admit that they often have to use considerable guessing. The general shape and contours of the body are fixed62 by the skeleton and by muscles attached to the skeleton, but surface features, which may give the animal its really characteristic look, are seldom restorable with any real probability of accuracy. The present often helps to interpret the past. An extinct animal presumably looked more or less like its living relatives, if it has any. This, however, may be quite equivocal. For example, extinct members of the horse family are usually restored to look somewhat like the most familiar living horses—domestic horses and their closest wild relatives. It is, however, possible and even probable that many extinct horses were striped like zebras. Others probably had patterns no longer present in any living members of the family. If lions and tigers were extinct they would be restored to look exactly alike. No living elephants have much hair and mammoths, which are extinct elephants, would doubtless be restored as hairless if we did not happen to know that they had thick, woolly coats. We know this only because mammoths are so recently extinct that prehistoric63 men drew pictures of them and that the hide and hair have actually been found in a few specimens64. For older extinct animals we have no such clues.
21. According to the passage, the soft part of fossilized animals _____.
(A) can always be accurately65 identified
(B) have usually left some traces
(C) can usually be reconstructed
(D) have always vanished without any trace
22. The muscles of a fossilized animal can sometimes be reconstructed because _____.
(A) they were preserved with the rest of the animal
(B) they were lodged inside the animal’s skull
(C) they were hardened parts of the animal’s body
(D) they were attached to the animal’s skeleton
23. The reconstruction66 of a fossilized animal’s external appearance is considered necessary
in order to _____.
(A) satisfy popular curiosity
(B) answer scientific questions
(C) establish its activities
(D) determine its eating habits
24. The word “equivocal” (para. 3) means _____.
(A) equally important
(B) definable
(C) equally doubtful
(D) deliberate
25. The third paragraph of the passage deals with the difficulties of restoring the following fossilized animals EXCEPT _____.
(A) those which had complex internal structures
(B) those which had no external hard parts
(C) those which had fur-covered bodies
(D) those which had no living relatives
Questions 26--30
There is a basic hypothesis that the majority of serious motoring offences are derived67 from accidents, and there is nothing in the offender’s personality or background that predisposes him to break the law. If an accident is a chance event that happens so quickly and suddenly that it is beyond anyone’s control to prevent it, then it is clear that this hypothesis is disproved. For only about 14 per cent of the 653 offences considered in a recent survey could possibly be called inadvertent accidents in this sense, and even this estimate is stretching credulity to its limits. In the great majority of cases the offences were largely of the offenders68’ own making. In 11 per cent of the 653 cases and 21 per cent of 43 offenders who were interviewed there was evidence of selfish, and even ruthless, self-interest, but it was not possible to infer personality disturbance69 in more than 25 per cent of the 653 and 39 per cent of the 43 offenders. Though the inferences with regard to personality traits may be an overestimate70 in the interpretation71 of qualitative72 data, they could equally be an underestimate, since so very little was ever recorded about the offenders themselves. The lack of data is a consequence of the almost total lack of interest in motoring offenders as persons.It must be assumed, therefore, in the absence of evidence to the contrary that the majority of serious motoring offenders considered in the survey were normal people, who succumbed73 to temptation when circumstances were favourable74 and it was expedient75 to take a chance, so perhaps there is something in the normal personality that predisposes a driver to break the law. Whatever it is, its presence is much more evident in males than in females, since the analysis of the national statistics shows a predominance of males over females of between 18:1 and 22:1. The real significance of these figures is hard to assess, because the relative proportions of each sex at risk are unknown. One research worker produced a ratio of six males to one female from his sample of insurance policy holders77, but this is almost certainly an underestimate since many females—probably more than males—are likely to be driving on someone else’s policy. A ration8 of three to one is probably nearer to the real state of affairs. Females reached noticeable proportions only among the hit-and-run drivers, and there seems to be some justification78 for calling this the ‘feminine’ offence. The difference between the sexes in their relative propensity79 to break the law on the roads is important, because it shows that motoring offenders have a characteristic in common with offenders in other fields of criminal activity, where males predominate to a marked degree. One motor insurance underwriter recently announced his intention to offer discounts on premiums80 where the policy holder76 or the ‘named driver’ was a woman.
The basic hypothesis is further disproved by the very high incidence, among the offences studied, of failing to insure against third-party risks. Yet accidents brought to light only a very small percentage of this kind of crime. Moreover, it could not possibly be said that this, the most common of the serious offences, was brought about by providence81. On the contrary, it can be regarded as a typical form of economic crime, which, although sometimes committed through inadvertence, is more usually quite deliberate and calculated.
26. The word “hypothesis” (line 1) means _____.
(A) a wrong belief
(B) an unproved theory
(C) a demonstrable idea
(D) a fundamental law
27. Inadequate82 statistical83 information about the personalities84 of motoring offenders is largely the result of _____.
(A) the difficulty of interpreting the self-evident facts
(B) the inaccessibility85 of the police records
(C) scanty86 recorded evidence of the offenders themselves
(D) insufficient87 research into the recorded qualitative data
28. Women can sometimes get more favourable motoring insurance terms than men because statistically88 _____.
(A) they are much better at controlling a car
(B) they are smaller and more important
(C) they are less likely to commit grave offences
(D) they are more unwilling89 to take out policies themselves
29. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
(A) women are unwilling to drive on someone else’s policy
(B) women are more likely to be the hit-and-run drivers
(C) men are regarded as criminals in road accidents
(D) men are more likely to be insurance underwriters
30. A “third party” (para. 3) is essentially90 _____.
(A) any insured woman driver
(B) the driver of an insured car
(C) a normal policy-holder
(D) any other road-user
SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST (1)(30 minutes)
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
There is a growing number of economists91 who believe today’s brutally92 tough labor93 market is not a temporary American oddity. Falling wages, reduced benefits and rising job insecurity seem to be increasingly entrenched94 features of the job scene across most of Western Europe, the United States and other parts of the developed world. The number of insecure freelance positions is rising (as are working hours) while stable jobs with good benefits are being cut. Laid-off workers are much less likely to be rehired by their old companies and have to find new jobs or turn to self-employment. Those who still have jobs are working longer hours with little prospect95 of meaningful raises.
The new labor market is shaped by growing global competition, spurred by the rise of cheap manufacturers in China, India and Eastern Europe, and the price-chopping effect of both the Internet and giant retailers96 led by Wal-Mart. These forces compel Western companies to exercise a growing restraint on prices and labor cost. One thing globalization clearly does is to exert a leveling effect on wages.
SECTION 4: TRANSLATION TEST (2)(30 minutes)
Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
中国有句古话：“相知无远近，万里尚为邻”。中国与亚洲各国山水相连，
共同铸就了灿烂的亚洲文明；古老而美丽的“丝绸之路”，谱写了中欧千年往来
的美好篇章。中国与亚欧各国的互利合作正在步入一个全新的阶段。中国已成为
亚欧和世界经济发展中的积极力量，我们将坚定走和平发展的道路，致力于同亚
欧各国发展富有活力和长期稳定的全面合作关系，与亚欧各国相互支持，携手前
进，共创美好的未来。
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expenditures
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| n.花费( expenditure的名词复数 )；使用；（尤指金钱的）支出额；（精力、时间、材料等的）耗费 | |
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dime
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| n.（指美国、加拿大的钱币）一角 | |
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dealing
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| n.经商方法，待人态度 | |
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crutch
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| n.T字形拐杖；支持，依靠，精神支柱 | |
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applicants
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| 申请人，求职人( applicant的名词复数 ) | |
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evaluation
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| n.估价，评价；赋值 | |
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immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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ration
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| n.定量(pl.)给养，口粮；vt.定量供应 | |
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negotiations
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| 协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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refund
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| v.退还，偿还；n.归还，偿还额，退款 | |
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diligent
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| adj.勤勉的，勤奋的 | |
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immature
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| adj.未成熟的，发育未全的，未充分发展的 | |
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admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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complexity
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| n.复杂(性)，复杂的事物 | |
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promotion
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| n.提升，晋级；促销，宣传 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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speculation
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| n.思索，沉思；猜测；投机 | |
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irrigated
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| [医]冲洗的 | |
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hack
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| n.劈，砍，出租马车；v.劈，砍，干咳 | |
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iceberg
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| n.冰山，流冰，冷冰冰的人 | |
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icebergs
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| n.冰山，流冰( iceberg的名词复数 ) | |
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tug
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| v.用力拖(或拉)；苦干；n.拖；苦干；拖船 | |
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apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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antibiotic
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| adj.抗菌的；n.抗生素 | |
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antibiotics
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| n.（用作复数）抗生素；（用作单数）抗生物质的研究；抗生素，抗菌素( antibiotic的名词复数 ) | |
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inflamed
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| adj.发炎的，红肿的v.（使）变红，发怒，过热( inflame的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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29
swell
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| vi.膨胀，肿胀；增长，增强 | |
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influenza
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| n.流行性感冒，流感 | |
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aspirin
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| n.阿司匹林 | |
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earache
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| n.耳朵痛 | |
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swelling
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| n.肿胀 | |
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jaws
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| n.口部；嘴 | |
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excavation
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| n.挖掘，发掘；被挖掘之地 | |
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ribs
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| n.肋骨( rib的名词复数 )；（船或屋顶等的）肋拱；肋骨状的东西；（织物的）凸条花纹 | |
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backbone
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| n.脊骨，脊柱，骨干；刚毅，骨气 | |
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skull
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| n.头骨；颅骨 | |
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bogs
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| n.沼泽，泥塘( bog的名词复数 )；厕所v.（使）陷入泥沼， （使）陷入困境( bog的第三人称单数 )；妨碍，阻碍 | |
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40
anthropologist
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| n.人类学家，人类学者 | |
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41
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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aristocrat
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| n.贵族，有贵族气派的人，上层人物 | |
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43
plaques
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| （纪念性的）匾牌( plaque的名词复数 )； 纪念匾； 牙斑； 空斑 | |
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44
drooping
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| adj. 下垂的，无力的 动词droop的现在分词 | |
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45
texture
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| n.(织物)质地；(材料)构造；结构；肌理 | |
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46
tightened
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| 收紧( tighten的过去式和过去分词 )； （使）变紧； （使）绷紧； 加紧 | |
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47
bruise
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| n.青肿，挫伤；伤痕；vt.打青；挫伤 | |
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48
coffin
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| n.棺材，灵柩 | |
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49
dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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50
contradictory
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| adj.反驳的，反对的，抗辩的；n.正反对，矛盾对立 | |
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51
sloppy
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| adj.邋遢的，不整洁的 | |
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52
awareness
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| n.意识，觉悟，懂事，明智 | |
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53
enraging
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| 使暴怒( enrage的现在分词 ) | |
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54
ongoing
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| adj.进行中的，前进的 | |
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55
reluctance
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| n.厌恶，讨厌，勉强，不情愿 | |
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56
costly
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| adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的 | |
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57
attachments
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| n.（用电子邮件发送的）附件( attachment的名词复数 )；附着；连接；附属物 | |
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58
depressed
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| adj.沮丧的，抑郁的，不景气的，萧条的 | |
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59
ridges
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| n.脊( ridge的名词复数 )；山脊；脊状突起；大气层的)高压脊 | |
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60
grooves
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| n.沟( groove的名词复数 )；槽；老一套；（某种）音乐节奏v.沟( groove的第三人称单数 )；槽；老一套；（某种）音乐节奏 | |
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61
lodged
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| v.存放( lodge的过去式和过去分词 )；暂住；埋入；（权利、权威等）归属 | |
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62
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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63
prehistoric
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| adj.（有记载的）历史以前的，史前的，古老的 | |
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64
specimens
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| n.样品( specimen的名词复数 )；范例；（化验的）抽样；某种类型的人 | |
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65
accurately
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| adv.准确地，精确地 | |
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66
reconstruction
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| n.重建，再现，复原 | |
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67
derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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68
offenders
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| n.冒犯者( offender的名词复数 )；犯规者；罪犯；妨害…的人（或事物） | |
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69
disturbance
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| n.动乱，骚动；打扰，干扰；(身心)失调 | |
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70
overestimate
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| v.估计过高，过高评价 | |
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interpretation
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| n.解释，说明，描述；艺术处理 | |
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72
qualitative
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| adj.性质上的，质的，定性的 | |
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73
succumbed
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| 不再抵抗（诱惑、疾病、攻击等）( succumb的过去式和过去分词 )； 屈从； 被压垮； 死 | |
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74
favourable
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| adj.赞成的，称赞的，有利的，良好的，顺利的 | |
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75
expedient
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| adj.有用的，有利的；n.紧急的办法，权宜之计 | |
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76
holder
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| n.持有者，占有者；(台，架等)支持物 | |
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77
holders
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| 支持物( holder的名词复数 )； 持有者； （支票等）持有人； 支托（或握持）…之物 | |
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78
justification
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| n.正当的理由；辩解的理由 | |
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79
propensity
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| n.倾向；习性 | |
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80
premiums
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| n.费用( premium的名词复数 )；保险费；额外费用；（商品定价、贷款利息等以外的）加价 | |
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81
providence
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| n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝 | |
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82
inadequate
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| adj.(for,to)不充足的，不适当的 | |
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83
statistical
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| adj.统计的，统计学的 | |
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84
personalities
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| n. 诽谤，（对某人容貌、性格等所进行的）人身攻击； 人身攻击；人格, 个性, 名人( personality的名词复数 ) | |
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85
inaccessibility
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| n. 难接近, 难达到, 难达成 | |
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86
scanty
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| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
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87
insufficient
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| adj.(for，of)不足的，不够的 | |
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88
statistically
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| ad.根据统计数据来看，从统计学的观点来看 | |
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89
unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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90
essentially
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| adv.本质上，实质上，基本上 | |
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91
economists
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| n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 ) | |
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92
brutally
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| adv.残忍地，野蛮地，冷酷无情地 | |
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93
labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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94
entrenched
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| adj.确立的，不容易改的(风俗习惯) | |
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prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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retailers
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| 零售商，零售店( retailer的名词复数 ) | |
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