2021双语新闻 顾诵芬、王大中获国家最高科技奖

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China’s homegrown heroes

顾诵芬、王大中获国家最高科技奖

When China was still poor and far behind the West, two Chinese scientists insisted on leading the world through homegrown innovation.

在中国一度贫穷且远远落后于西方时，有两位中国科学家坚持通过自主创新，令我国技术领跑世界：

They are jet fighter designer Gu Songfen and nuclear energy scientist Wang Dazhong,

喷气式战斗机设计师顾诵芬和核能科学家王大中，

who won China’s top science award – the State Preeminent¹ Science and Technology Award on Nov 3.

他们于11月3日获得中国最高科学奖项——国家最高科学技术奖。

In the 1950s, China had no aviation experience, equipment or wind tunnels.

20世纪50年代，中国既无发展航空的经验，又无航空设备或风洞。

As the head of the aerodynamics team in Shenyang, Gu’s first task was to develop the country’s first homegrown jet aircraft.

作为沈阳飞机设计室气动组组长，顾诵芬接受的第一项任务就是研发中国首型国产喷气式飞机。

Despite difficulties, he managed to complete JJ-1, the first jet aircraft designed in China.

尽管面对重重困难，顾诵芬还是出色完成了歼教1飞机的设计工作，这是中国自行设计的第一架喷气式飞机。

Gu, 91, started the aerodynamic design of aircraft,

现年91岁的顾诵芬从此开始了从事飞机空气动力设计的工作，

which advanced the development of a number of major jet fighters, including the Nanchang CJ-6,

空气动力技术推动研制出数架主力战斗机，包括初级教练机南昌初教-6

a basic training plane, and the Shenyang J-8, a high-speed, high-altitude single-seat interceptor.

以及高空高速截击战斗机歼-8。

Those aircraft not only greatly improved China’s air defense² capabilities³ but also laid the foundation of its aviation industry.

这些飞机不仅极大提高了中国的防空能力，也奠定了中国航空工业的基础。

Wang Dazhong, 86, has spent 60 years working to develop nuclear energy.

86岁的王大中则为核能事业奉献了60年。

After nuclear accidents in Three Mile Island in the US in 1979, and Chernobyl in the Soviet⁴ Union in 1986,

在1979年美国三英里岛核事故和1986年苏联切尔诺贝利核事故发生后，

scientists all over the world have worked hard to ensure that reactors⁶ are made “inherently safe”.

全世界的核科学家都在追求核反应堆“固有安全”。

It means they do not rely on countermeasures powered by external resources to remain stable.

也就是说，不用外部操作，仅靠自然物理规律，核反应堆本身就能够趋向安全状态。

As an academician at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wang led the research,

作为中国科学院院士，王大中主持了中国第一座5兆瓦低温核供热堆的研究、

design and operation of China’s first five-megawatt low temperature nuclear heating reactor⁵ and later of its 10-megawatt high temperature gas-cooled reactor.

设计和运行工作，并在日后主持了10兆瓦高温气冷堆研发工作。

He used key technologies related to helium coolant.

王大中还带队实现了氦技术等关键技术的突破。

Both reactors improved the inherent safety of nuclear energy, as well as the application of clean energy.

他主持建设的两个反应堆提高了核能的固有安全性，推动了清洁能源的应用。

Wang’s scientific achievements have paved the way for clean energy as China works to achieve carbon neutrality,

中国正努力争取实现碳中和，王大中的科学成就为清洁能源铺平了道路。

said He Jiankun, an expert at Tsinghua University.

清华大学专家何建坤表示，

Nuclear power releases zero carbon and can ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid⁷, he said.

何建坤说，核电是零碳能源，能够确保电网安全稳定运行。

1 preeminent   

adj.卓越的，杰出的

参考例句：

• Washington was recognized as the preeminent spokesman of American Negroes by 1895. 到1895年,华盛顿被公认为美国黑人的卓越代言人。
• He is preeminent because his articles are well written. 他的文章写得很漂亮,卓尔不群。

2 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

3 capabilities   

n.能力( capability的名词复数 )；可能；容量；[复数]潜在能力

参考例句：

• He was somewhat pompous and had a high opinion of his own capabilities. 他有点自大，自视甚高。 来自辞典例句
• Some programmers use tabs to break complex product capabilities into smaller chunks. 一些程序员认为，标签可以将复杂的功能分为每个窗格一组简单的功能。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

4 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

5 reactor   

n.反应器；反应堆

参考例句：

• The atomic reactor generates enormous amounts of thermal energy.原子反应堆发出大量的热能。
• Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules.在反应堆里，大分子裂变为小分子。

6 reactors   

起反应的人( reactor的名词复数 )； 反应装置； 原子炉； 核反应堆

参考例句：

• The TMI nuclear facility has two reactors. 三哩岛核设施有两个反应堆。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
• The earliest production reactors necessarily used normal uranium as fuel. 最早为生产用的反应堆，必须使用普通铀作为燃料。

7 grid   

n.高压输电线路网；地图坐标方格；格栅

参考例句：

• In this application,the carrier is used to encapsulate the grid.在这种情况下，要用载体把格栅密封起来。
• Modern gauges consist of metal foil in the form of a grid.现代应变仪则由网格形式的金属片组成。