异类之不一样的成功启示录 第17期:不公正的偏见

 　　European soccer, similarly, is organized like hockey and baseball,

　　欧洲足球的组织模式和曲棍球、棒球的模式非常相似，

　　and the birth-date distributions in that sport are heavily skewed as well.

　　球员的出生日期呈现出一边倒的趋势，

　　In England, the eligibility¹ date is September 1,

　　在英国足球联赛，球员注册的法定时间是9月1日，

　　and in the football association's premier² league at one point in 1990s,

　　在前几年的英超联赛中，

　　there were 288 players born between September and November

　　有288名球员出生在9月份至11月份，

　　and only 136 players born between June and August.

　　仅仅136名球员出生在6月份至8月份。

　　In international soccer, the cutoff date used to be August 1,

　　国际足联规定的球员注册时间，一贯是8月1日，

　　and in one recent junior world championship tournament,

　　在一届世界青少年足球锦标赛中，

　　there were 135 players born in the first three months after August 1,

　　有135名球员在8月1日之后的三个月出生，

　　and just 22 born in May, June and July.

　　仅仅22名球员出生在5月份、6月份和7月份，

　　Today the cutoff date for international junior soccer is January 1,

　　现在，国际足联青少年锦标赛的注册时间调整成了1月1日。

　　and if you look at the roster³ of the 2007 Czechoslovakian National Junior Soccer team,

　　让我们看看2007年夺得世青赛冠军

　　which made the Junior World Cup finals.

　　的捷克斯洛伐克世靑队的出场球员名单。

　　You know what you find?

　　你会发现些什么？

　　Of the team's twenty-one players, six were born in January.

　　二十一名出场队员中，有六位是1月份出生的。

　　Six were born in February,

　　有六位是2月份出生的，

　　three were born in March,

　　3月份出生的有三位，

　　one was born in April,

　　而四月份出生地只有一位。

　　and no one on the team was born after the end of September.

　　这个队里并没有9月份以后出生的球员。

　　At the national team tryouts,

　　在国家队的集训中，

　　the Czech soccer coaches might as well have told everyone born after midsummer to pack their bags and go home.

　　捷克队的教练组或许可以劝告夏季中期之后出生的每一位球员，收拾行李回家，没必要留在国家队。

　　Hockey and soccer are just games of course, involving a select few.

　　曲棍球和足球毕竟只是一项运动，参与的人数不多。

　　But these exact same biases⁴ also show up in areas of much more consequence, like education.

　　但在其他非常重要的领域，这种偏见依旧顽固地存在着，例如教育领域。

　　Parents with a child born at the end of the calender year

　　比入学月份晚一些出生的同一入学年龄的儿童，

　　often think about holding their child back before the start of kindergarten.

　　他们的家长常常希望把自己的孩子从幼儿园领回家。

1 eligibility   

n.合格，资格

参考例句：

• What are the eligibility requirements? 病人被选参加试验的要求是什么？ 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 回顾与展望
• Eligibility for HINARI access is based on gross national income (GNI). 进入HINARI获取计划是依据国民总收入来评定的。

2 premier   

adj.首要的；n.总理，首相

参考例句：

• The Irish Premier is paying an official visit to Britain.爱尔兰总理正在对英国进行正式访问。
• He requested that the premier grant him an internview.他要求那位总理接见他一次。

3 roster   

n.值勤表，花名册

参考例句：

• The teacher checked the roster to see whom he would teach this year.老师查看花名册，想了解今年要教的学生。
• The next day he put himself first on the new roster for domestic chores.第二天，他把自己排在了新的家务值日表的第一位。

4 biases   

偏见( bias的名词复数 )； 偏爱； 特殊能力； 斜纹

参考例句：

• Stereotypes represent designer or researcher biases and assumptions, rather than factual data. 它代表设计师或者研究者的偏见和假设，而不是实际的数据。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
• The net effect of biases on international comparisons is easily summarized. 偏差对国际比较的基本影响容易概括。