万物简史 第28期:走进太阳系(6)

 　　So if Pluto¹ really is a planet, it is certainly an odd one. It is very tiny: just one-quarter of 1 percent as massive as Earth. If you set it down on top of the United States, it would cover not quite half the lower forty-eight states.

　　因此，如果冥王星真是一颗行星，那肯定是一颗很怪的行星。它很小，只有地球的四百分之一大。假如你把它盖在美国上面，它还盖不住美国本土48州的一半面积。

　　This alone makes it extremely anomalous²; it means that our planetary system consists of four rocky inner planets, four gassy outer giants, and a tiny, solitary³ iceball. Moreover, there is every reason to suppose that we may soon begin to find other even larger icy spheres in the same portion of space.

　　光这一点就使它显得极其反常，这说明，我们的行星系统是由4颗稳固的内行星、4颗气态的外行星和1颗孤独的小冰球组成的。

　　Then we will have problems. After Christy spotted⁴ Pluto's moon, astronomers⁵ began to regard that section of the cosmos⁶ more attentively⁷ and as of early December 2002 had found over six hundred additional Trans-Neptunian Objects, or Plutinos as they are alternatively called. One, dubbed⁸ Varuna, is nearly as big as Pluto's moon.

　　接着，问题又来了。克里斯蒂发现冥王星的卫星以后，天文学家开始更加仔细地观察宇宙的这一部分，截至2002年12月初止，又在天王星以外发现了600多个物体，其中一颗被命名为伐楼拿星，差不多和冥王星的卫星一般大小。

　　Astronomers now think there may be billions of these objects. The difficulty is that many of them are awfully⁹ dark. Typically they have an albedo, or reflectiveness, of just 4 percent, about the same as a lump of charcoal¹⁰—and of course these lumps of charcoal are about four billion miles away.

　　天文学家现在认为，也许存在几十亿个这类物体。困难在于，它们当中有许多暗淡无光。一般来说，它们的反射度只有4％，大约相当于一块木炭的反射度--当然，这些"木炭"是在60多亿公里以外。

 

1 Pluto   

n.冥王星

参考例句：

• Pluto is the furthest planet from the sun.冥王星是离太阳最远的行星。
• Pluto has an elliptic orbit.冥王星的轨道是椭圆形的。

2 anomalous   

adj.反常的；不规则的

参考例句：

• For years this anomalous behaviour has baffled scientists.几年来这种反常行为让科学家们很困惑。
• The mechanism of this anomalous vascular response is unknown.此种不规则的血管反应的机制尚不清楚。

3 solitary   

adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士

参考例句：

• I am rather fond of a solitary stroll in the country.我颇喜欢在乡间独自徜徉。
• The castle rises in solitary splendour on the fringe of the desert.这座城堡巍然耸立在沙漠的边际，显得十分壮美。

4 spotted   

adj.有斑点的，斑纹的，弄污了的

参考例句：

• The milkman selected the spotted cows,from among a herd of two hundred.牛奶商从一群200头牛中选出有斑点的牛。
• Sam's shop stocks short spotted socks.山姆的商店屯积了有斑点的短袜。

5 astronomers   

n.天文学者，天文学家( astronomer的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Astronomers can accurately foretell the date,time,and length of future eclipses. 天文学家能精确地预告未来日食月食的日期、时刻和时长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Astronomers used to ask why only Saturn has rings. 天文学家们过去一直感到奇怪，为什么只有土星有光环。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 cosmos   

n.宇宙；秩序，和谐

参考例句：

• Our world is but a small part of the cosmos.我们的世界仅仅是宇宙的一小部分而已。
• Is there any other intelligent life elsewhere in the cosmos?在宇宙的其他星球上还存在别的有智慧的生物吗？

7 attentively   

adv.聚精会神地；周到地；谛；凝神

参考例句：

• She listened attentively while I poured out my problems. 我倾吐心中的烦恼时，她一直在注意听。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• She listened attentively and set down every word he said. 她专心听着，把他说的话一字不漏地记下来。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 dubbed   

v.给…起绰号( dub的过去式和过去分词 )；把…称为；配音；复制

参考例句：

• Mathematics was once dubbed the handmaiden of the sciences. 数学曾一度被视为各门科学的基础。
• Is the movie dubbed or does it have subtitles? 这部电影是配音的还是打字幕的？ 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 awfully   

adv.可怕地，非常地，极端地

参考例句：

• Agriculture was awfully neglected in the past.过去农业遭到严重忽视。
• I've been feeling awfully bad about it.对这我一直感到很难受。

10 charcoal   

n.炭，木炭，生物炭

参考例句：

• We need to get some more charcoal for the barbecue.我们烧烤需要更多的碳。
• Charcoal is used to filter water.木炭是用来过滤水的。