万物简史 第99期:敲石头的人们(24)

 He had really only one flaw and that was an inability to calculate the correct age of the Earth. The question occupied much of the second half of his career, but he never came anywhere near getting it right. His first effort, in 1862 for an article in a popular magazine called Macmillan's, suggested that the Earth was 98 million years old, but cautiously allowed that the figure could be as low as 20 million years or as high as 400 million. With remarkable¹ prudence² he acknowledged that his calculations could be wrong if "sources now unknown to us are prepared in the great storehouse of creation"—but it was clear that he thought that unlikely.

他实际上只有一个瑕疵，那就是没能计算出地球的年龄。这个问题占去了他后半生的许多时间，但他从来没有得出个比较正确的数字。1862年，在为一本名叫《麦克米伦》的通俗杂志写的一篇文章里，他第一次提出地球的年龄是9800万年，但谨慎地认为这个数字最小可为2000万年，最大可达4亿年。他还小心翼翼地承认，他的计算可能是错的，要是"造物主的大仓库里备有我们目前没有掌握的资料"的话--但是，他显然认为那是不可能的。

With the passage of time Kelvin would become more forthright³ in his assertions and less correct. He continually revised his estimates downward, from a maximum of 400 million years, to 100 million years, to 50 million years, and finally, in 1897, to a mere⁴ 24 million years.

随着时间的过去，开尔文的结论变得越来越确切，越来越不正确。他不停地把自己的估计数字往下降，从最大的4亿年降到1亿年，然后又降到5000万年，最后在1897年降到了仅仅2400万年。

Kelvin wasn't being willful. It was simply that there was nothing in physics that could explain how a body the size of the Sun could burn continuously for more than a few tens of millions of years at most without exhausting its fuel. Therefore it followed that the Sun and its planets were relatively⁵, but inescapably, youthful.

开尔文并不是在随心所欲，只是因为物理学无法解释为什么像太阳这么个庞然大物可以连续燃烧几千万年以上，而又耗不尽其燃料。因此，他就想当然地认为，太阳及其行星必然相对年轻。

The problem was that nearly all the fossil evidence contradicted this, and suddenly in the nineteenth century there was a lot of fossil evidence.

问题在于，几乎所有的化石都证明和这个结论相矛盾。而突然之间，19世纪发现了大量的化石。

1 remarkable   

adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的

参考例句：

• She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
• These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。

2 prudence   

n.谨慎，精明，节俭

参考例句：

• A lack of prudence may lead to financial problems.不够谨慎可能会导致财政上出现问题。
• The happy impute all their success to prudence or merit.幸运者都把他们的成功归因于谨慎或功德。

3 forthright   

adj.直率的，直截了当的 [同]frank

参考例句：

• It's sometimes difficult to be forthright and not give offence.又直率又不得罪人，这有时很难办到。
• He told me forthright just why he refused to take my side.他直率地告诉我他不肯站在我这一边的原因。

4 mere   

adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过

参考例句：

• That is a mere repetition of what you said before.那不过是重复了你以前讲的话。
• It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer.再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。

5 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。