万物简史 第233期:马斯特-马克的夸克(5)

 　　The intention of the collider was to let scientists probe "the ultimate nature of matter," as it is always put, by re-creating as nearly as possible the conditions in the universe during its first ten thousand billionths of a second. The plan was to fling particles through a tunnel fifty-two miles long, achieving a truly staggering ninety-nine trillion volts¹ of energy. It was a grand scheme, but would also have cost $8 billion to build (a figure that eventually rose to $10 billion) and hundreds of millions of dollars a year to run.

　　这台对撞机的意图是：让科学家们重建尽可能接近于宇宙最初十万亿分之一秒里的情况，以探索“物质的最终性质”（老是这么说的）。该计划要把粒子甩进一条84公里长的隧道，获得实在令人吃惊的99万亿瓦能量。这是个宏伟的计划，但建设费用高达80亿美元（最后增加到100亿美元），每年的运行费还要花上几亿美元。

　　In perhaps the finest example in history of pouring money into a hole in the ground, Congress spent $2 billion on the project, then canceled it in 1993 after fourteen miles of tunnel had been dug. So Texas now boasts the most expensive hole in the universe. The site is, I am told by my friend Jeff Guinn of the Fort Worth Star-Telegram, "essentially² a vast, cleared field dotted along the circumference³ by a series of disappointed small towns."

　　这也许是历史上把钱倒进地洞的最好例子。美国国会为此花掉了22亿美元，然后在建成一条22公里长的隧道以后取消了这项工程。现在，得克萨斯人可以为拥有一个全宇宙代价最高的地洞而感到自豪。我的朋友、《价值连城的堡垒》的作者杰夫·吉恩对我说：“那实际上是一大片空地，周围布满了一连串失望的小城镇。”

　　对撞机

　　Since the supercollider debacle particle physicists⁴ have set their sights a little lower, but even comparatively modest projects can be quite breathtakingly costly⁵ when compared with, well, almost anything. A proposed neutrino observatory⁶ at the old Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota, would cost $500 million to build—this in a mine that is already dug—before you even look at the annual running costs. There would also be $281 million of "general conversion⁷ costs." A particle accelerator at Fermilab in Illinois, meanwhile, cost $260 million merely to refit.

　　超级对撞机化为泡影以后，粒子物理学家们的眼界放低了点。但是，即使是比较一般的项目的成本也可能相当惊人，要是与，哎呀，几乎任何项目相比的话。有人建议在南达科他州莱德的一座废矿──霍姆斯特克矿──建个中微子观察站，其成本就高达5亿美元，还不算每年的运转费用。而且，还要花2.81亿美元的“一般改建费”。与此同时，伊利诺伊州费尔米莱布的一个粒子加速器仅更新材料就要花费2.6亿美元。

1 volts   

n.（电压单位）伏特( volt的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The floating potential, Vf is usually only a few volts below ground. 浮置电势Vf通常只低于接地电位几伏。 来自辞典例句
• If gamma particles are present, potential differences of several thousand volts can be generated. 如果存在γ粒子，可能产生几千伏的电位差。 来自辞典例句

2 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

3 circumference   

n.圆周，周长，圆周线

参考例句：

• It's a mile round the circumference of the field.运动场周长一英里。
• The diameter and the circumference of a circle correlate.圆的直径与圆周有相互关系。

4 physicists   

物理学家( physicist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• For many particle physicists, however, it was a year of frustration. 对于许多粒子物理学家来说，这是受挫折的一年。 来自英汉非文学 - 科技
• Physicists seek rules or patterns to provide a framework. 物理学家寻求用法则或图式来构成一个框架。

5 costly   

adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的

参考例句：

• It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
• This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用，左不过贵了些。

6 observatory   

n.天文台，气象台，瞭望台，观测台

参考例句：

• Guy's house was close to the observatory.盖伊的房子离天文台很近。
• Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day.格林威治天文台的职员们每天对大钟检查两次。

7 conversion   

n.转化，转换，转变

参考例句：

• He underwent quite a conversion.他彻底变了。
• Waste conversion is a part of the production process.废物处理是生产过程的一个组成部分。