万物简史 第267期:砰!(2)

 　　The trauma¹ to Manson's geology had come not from within the Earth, but from at least 100 million miles beyond. Sometime in the very ancient past, when Manson stood on the edge of a shallow sea, a rock about a mile and a half across, weighing ten billion tons and traveling at perhaps two hundred times the speed of sound ripped through the atmosphere and punched into the Earth with a violence and suddenness that we can scarcely imagine. Where Manson now stands became in an instant a hole three miles deep and more than twenty miles across. The limestone² that elsewhere gives Iowa its hard mineralized water was obliterated³ and replaced by the shocked basement rocks that so puzzled the water driller in 1912.

　　曼森的地质创伤，不是地球的内因造成的，而是来自至少1.6亿公里以外。在遥远遥远的过去的某个时刻，当曼森还位于某个浅海之滨的时候，一块大约2.5公里宽、100亿吨重、也许以声速200倍的速度飞行的岩石，穿过大气，砰地砸进地球，其猛烈和突然的程度几乎是无法想像的。如今曼森所在的地方，霎时间变成了一个近5公里深、30多公里宽的大坑。今天，灰岩为艾奥瓦州的其他地方提供硬质矿泉水；而这里的灰岩却被砸得一干二净，由受到猛烈震动的基底岩石取而代之。正是这种岩石，1912年令那位钻井工人感到迷惑不解。

　　impact

　　The Manson impact was the biggest thing that has ever occurred on the mainland United States. Of any type. Ever. The crater⁴ it left behind was so colossal⁵ that if you stood on one edge you would only just be able to see the other side on a good day. It would make the Grand Canyon⁶ look quaint⁷ and trifling⁸. Unfortunately for lovers of spectacle, 2.5 million years of passing ice sheets filled the Manson crater right to the top with rich glacial till, then graded it smooth, so that today the landscape at Manson, and for miles around, is as flat as a tabletop. Which is of course why no one has ever heard of the Manson crater.

　　曼森撞击事件，是美国本土发生过的最大的事件。绝对没错儿。它留下的坑是如此之大，要是你站在一处边缘，天气好的时候刚好看得见对面。它会使大峡谷相形见绌。对于爱好奇观的人来说很不幸的是，250万年前滑过的冰盾已经以大量的冰碛把曼森大坑完全填平，接着又把它磨得十分光滑，因此今天曼森以及周围几公里的景色平整得像个桌面。当然，这正是谁也没有听说过曼森大坑的原因。

1 trauma   

n.外伤，精神创伤

参考例句：

• Counselling is helping him work through this trauma.心理辅导正帮助他面对痛苦。
• The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma.恐惧症可能源于童年时期的创伤。

2 limestone   

n.石灰石

参考例句：

• Limestone is often used in building construction.石灰岩常用于建筑。
• Cement is made from limestone.水泥是由石灰石制成的。

3 obliterated   

v.除去( obliterate的过去式和过去分词 )；涂去；擦掉；彻底破坏或毁灭

参考例句：

• The building was completely obliterated by the bomb. 炸弹把那座建筑物彻底摧毁了。
• He began to drink, drank himself to intoxication, till he slept obliterated. 他一直喝，喝到他快要迷糊地睡着了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 crater   

n.火山口，弹坑

参考例句：

• With a telescope you can see the huge crater of Ve-suvius.用望远镜你能看到巨大的维苏威火山口。
• They came to the lip of a dead crater.他们来到了一个死火山口。

5 colossal   

adj.异常的，庞大的

参考例句：

• There has been a colossal waste of public money.一直存在巨大的公款浪费。
• Some of the tall buildings in that city are colossal.那座城市里的一些高层建筑很庞大。

6 canyon   

n.峡谷，溪谷

参考例句：

• The Grand Canyon in the USA is 1900 metres deep.美国的大峡谷1900米深。
• The canyon is famous for producing echoes.这个峡谷以回声而闻名。

7 quaint   

adj.古雅的，离奇有趣的，奇怪的

参考例句：

• There were many small lanes in the quaint village.在这古香古色的村庄里，有很多小巷。
• They still keep some quaint old customs.他们仍然保留着一些稀奇古怪的旧风俗。

8 trifling   

adj.微不足道的；没什么价值的

参考例句：

• They quarreled over a trifling matter.他们为这种微不足道的事情争吵。
• So far Europe has no doubt, gained a real conveniency,though surely a very trifling one.直到现在为止,欧洲无疑地已经获得了实在的便利，不过那确是一种微不足道的便利。