新概念英语85年上外美音版第四册 第3课

 　　Lesson 3 Matterhorn man
Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it had never been attained² before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous³ nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder⁴ at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. They had a single aim, a solitary⁵ goal--the top!
It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine⁶ villages tended to be impoverished⁷ settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could--sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheesemakers. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen⁸ sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed.
New words and expressions  生词短语
1、 alpinist(1.1)/'$lpinist/n．登山运动员  climber mountaineer
词根：alp- Alps(1.16)/$lps/ n．阿尔卑斯山脉Alpine(1.9)/$lpain/adj．阿尔卑斯山的
2、 attain¹(1.4)/+'tein/ v．到达
to get to   to arrive at/in  to attain one’s goal=realize
to attain the top/peak/summit 达到顶点 attain youth 永葆青春
attainment⁹ (n) attainments¹⁰ 成就 accomplishment¹¹
3、perilous(1.5)/'peril+s/adj．危险的 peril   （随时可能出现的）危险 avalanche¹²雪崩
4、shudder (1.5)/'M)d+/ v．不寒而栗
shudder:quick and sudden
tremble:long and very obvious
quiver:excitement ,maybe cold
shiver: cold and nervous
5、 go out of one’s way  专门 by the way 顺路 too much for me 受不6、 起
6、 court （multiple  meanings 多义词）
1） 朝廷    朝臣courtier
2） courteous¹³彬彬有礼的
3） 法庭
4） 娱乐场 足球场soccer/football court高尔夫球场golf court
5） 追求
6） 招致   骄兵必败pride courts failure
7、 solitary(1.6)/'s&lrt+ri/adj．唯一的  sol-独 solo独唱  独奏
solitude¹⁴ 孤独  I live in solitude.=I live a lonely life.
8、 pioneer(1.2)/?pai+'n+/ v．开辟，倡导；n．先锋，开辟者
9、 impoverish(11.9-10)/$m'p&v+rM/v．使贫困 poor（口语词）
罗素名言：A great many man will cheerfully face inpoverishment if they can secure  complete ruin for their rival,hence present level of taxation¹⁵.
许多人会高兴的面对贫困，如果他们能使对手落魄，因此出现了现在的税收水平。
10、coarse(1.12)/k&:s/adj．粗劣的
coarse throat 嗓子哑
sore throat 嗓子发炎
coarse fare 粗粮
refined fair细粮
coarse and refined
in a coarse manner粗暴无礼
11、boast(1.12)/b+ust/v．自恃有  用法：以人作主语，夸耀；以物作主语，拥有
He boasted that of his knowledge.
The center boasts a team of high qualify(qualified researchers.)
12、parishioner(1.13)/p+riM+n+/n．教区居民  parish教区
13、shepherd(1.14)/'Mep+d/n．牧羊人 sheep?shep  羊 herd    兽群
14、linen(1.15)/'linin/n．亚麻布床单
Notes on the text  课文注释
1、Route  路线 Road   道路
2、good sports :stimulus¹⁶ 刺激    thrilling 震撼、兴奋
3、regard regard sb with sth(感情词love \hatred\horror\respect)
Dad, I regard you with horror.爸爸，我很害怕你。
4、pineering days, ancient (先人时期)
5、not at all 根本不  case这回事
6、be doing 表达当时的行动（状态）
7、top:顶点 summit 山顶   peak山顶
The scenery is at the peak of  the mountain.无限风光在险峰。
I am at the top of the world.我在世界之巅。 Summit meeting峰会
8、 attain  到达 conquer 征服
9、be of the most perilous nature  nature  特点、特性
the most perilous difficulties and dangers
学会be of the + adj+noun  结构He is the kindest man. =He is the man of the kindest man.
10、equipped 表示当时的一种伴随。
11、in a manner 以这样的方式
12、make sb do sth  (省to 结构)
13、at the thought 一想到 ，mention一提到,idea 一想到
这个结构后面加介词of  原文即 at the thought of their poor equipment
14、go out of one’s way 刻意   intentionally  eye catching¹⁷引人注目的
15、the real living conditions 真实生存状况
16、nowadays 插入语，现在回想起来，可在句首、句末
17、except for 把其中的一部分扣除
18、tend to be 倾向于
19、settlement 生存地、驻扎地
20、cut off=which are cut off
21、flea ridden跳蚤
22、as they were 可以这么说，插入语  还有as it were
This book is , as it were, his life portrait. 这本书，可是说，是他的人生写照。
23、local当地的
24、wine低度酒 alcohol 酒精 alcoholic¹⁸酒鬼
25、boast 拥有 priest牧师 shepherd牧羊人 invariably=all the same
26、dirt and poverty， and very uncomfortable （结构不符合习惯，不可学）
27、course一道菜
28、must have been表推测
29、be accustomed to ,be used to + 名词、动名词
I am used to the life in Bejing. I am used to living in Bejing.
30、早餐：scratch a meal 中午餐：snack快餐 晚餐：dinner
31、the change to
Education brings great change to his outlook/view on life.
教育使他的面貌（对生活的看法）产生了很大变化。

1 attain   

vt.达到，获得，完成

参考例句：

• I used the scientific method to attain this end. 我用科学的方法来达到这一目的。
• His painstaking to attain his goal in life is praiseworthy. 他为实现人生目标所下的苦功是值得称赞的。

2 attained   

（通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况）

参考例句：

• She has attained the degree of Master of Arts. 她已获得文学硕士学位。
• Lu Hsun attained a high position in the republic of letters. 鲁迅在文坛上获得崇高的地位。

3 perilous   

adj.危险的，冒险的

参考例句：

• The journey through the jungle was perilous.穿过丛林的旅行充满了危险。
• We have been carried in safety through a perilous crisis.历经一连串危机，我们如今已安然无恙。

4 shudder   

v.战粟，震动，剧烈地摇晃；n.战粟，抖动

参考例句：

• The sight of the coffin sent a shudder through him.看到那副棺材，他浑身一阵战栗。
• We all shudder at the thought of the dreadful dirty place.我们一想到那可怕的肮脏地方就浑身战惊。

5 solitary   

adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士

参考例句：

• I am rather fond of a solitary stroll in the country.我颇喜欢在乡间独自徜徉。
• The castle rises in solitary splendour on the fringe of the desert.这座城堡巍然耸立在沙漠的边际，显得十分壮美。

6 alpine   

adj.高山的；n.高山植物

参考例句：

• Alpine flowers are abundant there.那里有很多高山地带的花。
• Its main attractions are alpine lakes and waterfalls .它以高山湖泊和瀑布群为主要特色。

7 impoverished   

adj.穷困的，无力的，用尽了的v.使（某人）贫穷( impoverish的过去式和过去分词 )；使（某物）贫瘠或恶化

参考例句：

• the impoverished areas of the city 这个城市的贫民区
• They were impoverished by a prolonged spell of unemployment. 他们因长期失业而一贫如洗。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 linen   

n.亚麻布，亚麻线，亚麻制品；adj.亚麻布制的，亚麻的

参考例句：

• The worker is starching the linen.这名工人正在给亚麻布上浆。
• Fine linen and cotton fabrics were known as well as wool.精细的亚麻织品和棉织品像羊毛一样闻名遐迩。

9 attainment   

n.达到，到达；［常pl.］成就，造诣

参考例句：

• We congratulated her upon her attainment to so great an age.我们祝贺她高寿。
• The attainment of the success is not easy.成功的取得并不容易。

10 attainments   

成就，造诣； 获得( attainment的名词复数 )； 达到； 造诣； 成就

参考例句：

• a young woman of impressive educational attainments 一位学业成就斐然的年轻女子
• He is a scholar of the highest attainments in this field. 他在这一领域是一位颇有造就的学者。

11 accomplishment   

n.完成，成就，（pl.）造诣，技能

参考例句：

• The series of paintings is quite an accomplishment.这一系列的绘画真是了不起的成就。
• Money will be crucial to the accomplishment of our objectives.要实现我们的目标，钱是至关重要的。

12 avalanche   

n.雪崩，大量涌来

参考例句：

• They were killed by an avalanche in the Swiss Alps.他们在瑞士阿尔卑斯山的一次雪崩中罹难。
• Higher still the snow was ready to avalanche.在更高处积雪随时都会崩塌。

13 courteous   

adj.彬彬有礼的，客气的

参考例句：

• Although she often disagreed with me,she was always courteous.尽管她常常和我意见不一，但她总是很谦恭有礼。
• He was a kind and courteous man.他为人友善，而且彬彬有礼。

14 solitude   

n. 孤独; 独居,荒僻之地,幽静的地方

参考例句：

• People need a chance to reflect on spiritual matters in solitude. 人们需要独处的机会来反思精神上的事情。
• They searched for a place where they could live in solitude. 他们寻找一个可以过隐居生活的地方。

15 taxation   

n.征税，税收，税金

参考例句：

• He made a number of simplifications in the taxation system.他在税制上作了一些简化。
• The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。

16 stimulus   

n.刺激，刺激物，促进因素，引起兴奋的事物

参考例句：

• Regard each failure as a stimulus to further efforts.把每次失利看成对进一步努力的激励。
• Light is a stimulus to growth in plants.光是促进植物生长的一个因素。

17 catching   

adj.易传染的，有魅力的，迷人的，接住

参考例句：

• There are those who think eczema is catching.有人就是认为湿疹会传染。
• Enthusiasm is very catching.热情非常富有感染力。

18 alcoholic   

adj.（含）酒精的，由酒精引起的；n.酗酒者

参考例句：

• The alcoholic strength of brandy far exceeds that of wine.白兰地的酒精浓度远远超过葡萄酒。
• Alcoholic drinks act as a poison to a child.酒精饮料对小孩犹如毒药。