新概念英语85年上外美音版第四册 第8课

 　　Lesson 8 Education 教育
Parents have to do much less for their children today than they used to do, and home has become much less of a workshop. Clothes can be bought ready made,washing can go to the laundry, food can be bought cooked, canned or preserved, bread is baked and delivered by the baker¹, milk arrives on the doorstep, meals can be had at the restaurant, the works' canteen, and the school dining-room.
It is unusual now for father to pursue his trade or other employment at home, and his children rarely, if ever, see him at his place of work. Boys are therefore seldom trained to follow their father's occupation, and in many towns they have a fairly wide choice of employment and so do girls. The young wage-earner often earns good money, and soon acquires a feeling of economic independence. In textile areas it has long been customary for mothers to go out to work, but this practice has become so widespread that the working mother is now a not unusual factor in a child's home life, the number of married women in employment having more than doubled in the last twenty-five years. With mother earning and his older children drawing substantial wages father is seldom the dominant² figure that he still was at the beginning of the century. When mother works economic advantages accrue³, but children lose something of great value if mother's employment prevents her from being home to greet them when they return from school.
New words and expressions  生词短语
laundry   n.洗衣店  customary   a.通常的，司空见惯的
can   vt.把....装罐   factor    n.事实，因素
preserve   vt.腌制   draw    vt.挣得
pursue   vt. 从事，进行   substantial    a.相当的
trade   n.手艺accrue   vi.增长
occupation   n.工作
laundry   n.洗衣店  I go to the laundry.我去洗衣服了。
can   vt.把....装罐
can (美国常用)  tin(英国常用)
can the fruit 水果罐头
ready-made food to heat it
preserve   vt.腌制
preserved vegetables 腌菜   nutritious⁴
bean curd⁵:豆腐
保存－preserve   reserveconserve
reserve 预定  I’d like to reserve two tickets.
Please reserve a table for six.
conserve⁶ 常用于深林的保护 避免造成不必要的浪费
preserve 保存目的是使其保有鲜活力，保鲜
pursue   vt. 从事，进行
I’m pursuing English.我正在学英语。
China pursues the opening policy.中国实施开放政策。
还有‘追求’的意思 He is pursuing the girl.
A cold pursues me.感冒使我精神不振。（幽默的说法）
pursuit-名词  更加正式  in the pursuit of
trade   n.手艺
tradesman  手艺人     craftsman⁷ 手艺人
spokesman 发言人
statesman 政治家    politician 玩弄权术的人
Jack⁸ of all trades,master for none.各行都懂一点，但都不精。
Two of a trade never agree.同行是冤家。
occupation   n.工作   具有最宽泛的含义
occupy  v.     I’m occupied.我正忙着。
近义词：employment   profession
employee employer 强调雇用和被雇佣的关系  unemployment 失业
profession:宗教词  preach布道    pray祈祷
该词被赋予了崇高的含义，常形容highly skilled 如IT ,engineer
customary   a.通常的，司空见惯的
custom n. 风俗 某一个种族或部落所遵循的原则
When in Rome,do as the Romans do.入乡随俗。
beijinger  哪国人哪个地区人都加个er
convention(usually accepted):世界都认可的规范和习俗
tradition:沿袭或流传下来，大到国家，小到一个家庭
factor    n.事实，因素
draw    vt.挣得
draw money 赚钱 The novel draws well.小说很畅销。
best-seller 最畅销 Movies draws well.很卖座。
land money     land:得到 I land very profitable work.我得到个肥差。
substantial    a.相当的
只作程度词
considerable 相当的  fair sizable
I draw considerable money.我赚大钱。
considerate :体谅的  He is very considerate.
accrue   vi.增长
只能作不及物动词    interests accrue   利息增长
accumulate     pile     build up   amass⁹ 都可作及物动词
grow ：增长（不及物动词），种庄稼
Notes on the text  课文注释
do much less much far  放在比较级之前表示程度词   I’m far better.
used to:过去（一般习惯的动作）I used to walk for a while after supper.
and :表示结果
workshop:作坊 专题研讨会  同义词symposium¹⁰
much less :越来越不像   表示程度词     much more  越来越像
ready-made: 现成的 作but方式状语
The meal is ready-made.饭好了，可以吃了。
go to: 拟人手段
cooked:熟食   fast food    snack    canned:罐头食品     preserved:腌制的
bake:烤     baker:面包师     delivered:传送     doorstep
works=factory (机械的，大型的)  plant(大型工厂)  mill(加工木头的工厂) company(泛指)
canteen:食堂（self-help）   cafeteria(高档的，餐馆的自助餐)  dining-room:学生食堂
if ever :即便有的话也是不多
补全句子：….if ever,he can see him……
paternal¹¹ society:父系社会
follow their father’s occupation 子承父业
wide choice:大量的选择机会
coeducation:男女同校     primary school:私塾
wage-earner:赚钱的人  bread-earner:养家糊口者
In your family ,who is the bread-earner?
相对而言，wage 给labours   而salary 给白领阶层
good money 赚大钱
acquires:获得（easily get）
Man acquires the ability to speak.强调自然获得
obtain  费尽劳力
feeling of economic independence:经济独立感
sence of honor/pride/responsibility/master/humor/guilt
superiority complex:优越感     complex:情节   inferior complex:自卑感
textile areas:纺织业地区如英国的Manchester
it has long been customary 早就习以为常
maternal¹² society:母系社会
working mother:职业母亲
more than doubled:远远超出了以前的两倍
but this practice has become so widespread that the working mother is now a not unusual factor in a child’s home life,the number of married women in employment having more than doubled in the last twenty-five years。
the number of married women……years 是个省略谓语的独立主格句,主语与主句的主语不同。
something 后置定语  be of 结构
smething valuable greatly/smething greatly valuable
prevent from

1 baker   

n.面包师

参考例句：

• The baker bakes his bread in the bakery.面包师在面包房内烤面包。
• The baker frosted the cake with a mixture of sugar and whites of eggs.面包师在蛋糕上撒了一层白糖和蛋清的混合料。

2 dominant   

adj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的；n.主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因

参考例句：

• The British were formerly dominant in India.英国人从前统治印度。
• She was a dominant figure in the French film industry.她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。

3 accrue   

v.(利息等)增大，增多

参考例句：

• Ability to think will accrue to you from good habits of study.思考能力将因良好的学习习惯而自然增强。
• Money deposited in banks will accrue to us with interest.钱存在银行，利息自生。

4 nutritious   

adj.有营养的，营养价值高的

参考例句：

• Fresh vegetables are very nutritious.新鲜蔬菜富于营养。
• Hummingbirds have discovered that nectar and pollen are very nutritious.蜂鸟发现花蜜和花粉是很有营养的。

5 curd   

n.凝乳；凝乳状物

参考例句：

• I'd like to add some pepper to the bean curd.我想在豆腐里加一点辣椒粉。
• The next one is bean curd with crab roe.下一个是蟹黄豆腐。

6 conserve   

vt.保存，保护，节约，节省，守恒，不灭

参考例句：

• He writes on both sides of the sheet to conserve paper.他在纸张的两面都写字以节省用纸。
• Conserve your energy,you'll need it!保存你的精力，你会用得着的！

7 craftsman   

n.技工，精于一门工艺的匠人

参考例句：

• A cabinet maker must be a master craftsman.家具木工必须是技艺高超的手艺人。
• The craftsman is working up the mass of clay into a toy figure.艺人把一团泥捏成玩具形状。

8 jack   

n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克

参考例句：

• I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
• He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。

9 amass   

vt.积累，积聚

参考例句：

• How had he amassed his fortune?他是如何积累财富的呢？
• The capitalists amass great wealth by exploiting workers.资本家剥削工人而积累了巨额财富。

10 symposium   

n.讨论会，专题报告会；专题论文集

参考例句：

• What have you learned from the symposium?你参加了这次科学讨论会有什么体会？
• The specialists and scholars present at the symposium come from all corners of the country.出席研讨会的专家学者们来自全国各地。

11 paternal   

adj.父亲的，像父亲的，父系的，父方的

参考例句：

• I was brought up by my paternal aunt.我是姑姑扶养大的。
• My father wrote me a letter full of his paternal love for me.我父亲给我写了一封充满父爱的信。

12 maternal   

adj.母亲的，母亲般的，母系的，母方的

参考例句：

• He is my maternal uncle.他是我舅舅。
• The sight of the hopeless little boy aroused her maternal instincts.那个绝望的小男孩的模样唤起了她的母性。