新概念英语85年上外美音版第四册 第20课

　　Lesson 20 Man,the Unknown 人类—神秘的巨人
In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological¹ and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible. It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory. The great cities have been built with no regard for us. The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers⁴ depend entirely⁵ on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants⁷ offices and apartments that please them. This caused the construc tion of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together. Civilized⁹ men like such a way of living. While they enjoy the comfort and banal¹⁰ luxury of their dwelling¹¹,they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life. The modern city consists of monstrous¹² edifices¹⁴ and of  dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes¹⁵,coal dust, and toxic¹⁶ gases, torn by the noise of the taxi-cabs, lorries and buses, and thronged¹⁸ ceaselessly by great crowds. Obviously, it has no been planned for the good of its inhabitants.
physiological a. 生理的    mental a. 精神的
neglect vt. 忽视     expand vi. 扩张
consideration n. 考虑    effect n. 影响
descendent¹⁹ n. 子孙，后代   mode n. 方式
existence n. 生存     impose vt. 强加
with no regard for 不关心   deprive vt. 剥夺
skyscraper³ n. 摩天大楼    tenant⁶ n. 租户
gigantic a. 巨大的     civilize⁸ vi. 使文明
luxury n. 豪华     dwelling n. 住所
monstrous a. 畸形的    edifice¹³ n. 大厦
petrol fumes 汽油味    monstrous a. 畸形的
edifice n. 大厦     petrol fumes 汽油味
ceaselessly ad. 不停地
1.physiological a. 生理的
physics/physical+ biology/biological
motel 汽车旅馆 motor+ hotel
smog 烟雾 smoke+ fog
biochemisty 生化  biology+ chemistr
anthrax 炭疽热
2.mental a. 精神的
mental work 脑力劳动
mental worker 脑力劳动者
physical/manual work 体力劳动
mental ground 思想境界
mental outlook 精神面貌
mental/natural age 心理/真实年龄
mental patient 精神病人
mental hospital 精神病院
mentality²⁰ n. 智力
3.neglect vt. 忽视
[辨异]neglect, ignore
She is neglected at the party. 宴会上人们都没有注意到她。（客观）
She is ignored at the party. 宴会上人们都不理她。（主观，人们明明看见她了可是都故意不理她。）
4.expand vi. 扩张
expansion n. 扩充，开展，膨胀，扩张物，辽阔，浩瀚
consideration n. 考虑
take all into consideration 把一切都考虑在内
My father/dad doesn’t give the consideration to me.
我父亲根本就考虑不到我。
5.effect n. 影响
[辨异]effect, influence, impact
effect (直观的，可以目睹的)影响
influence （潜移默化的，看不见的）影响
impact （突然的，瞬时的）影响
6.descendent n. 子孙，后代
descend² v. 下去
ascend²¹ v. 上升
ancestor n. 祖先，祖宗
I’m a Chinese descendent.
我是炎黄子孙。
offspring n. 儿女，子孙，后代 没有复数
posterity²² n. 子孙，后裔 没有复数
successor n. 继承人，继任者
7.mode n. 方式
mode of existence 生存方式
live a mouth-to-hand existence 生活过得不富裕
make ends meet 勉强维持生活
8.impose vt. 强加
impose on （注意介词是on）
wield(挥舞) on
My dad is imposing²³. 我爸爸威严无比。
9.with no regard for 不关心
The boss ran his business with no regard for the welfare of the workers.
老板开工厂从不关心工人的利益。
10.skyscraper n. 摩天大楼
towering building 高耸入云的，象塔一样
highrise 高层的，高层建筑的
The is no scarcity²⁴ of skyscraper in New York.
纽约到处都是高楼大厦。
11.gigantic a. 巨大的
giant adj. 巨大的，庞大的
Yaoming is a gaint.
giant panda 大熊猫
huge adj. （体积）庞大
vast adj. （面积）巨大
volume n. 体积
12.civilize vi. 使文明
civilization n. 文明
civil adj. 全民的，市民的
savage²⁵ adj. 野蛮的，野性的
13.luxury n. 豪华
luxuriant adj. 丰产的，丰富的，肥沃的，奢华的
The lady bought so many luxuries.
这个女人买了很多奢侈品。
14.dwelling n. 住所 抽象概念 only used in formal
city dweller²⁶ 城市人
residence n. 居住，住宅 比较正式
resident adj. 居住的; n. 居民
inhabit v. 居住，栖息
We inhabit the earth. 我们居住在地球。
注意inhabit 后面没有介词。
15.deprive vt. 剥夺
deprive sb of sth 剥夺某人的……
I’m deprived. 我一无所有。
deprived class 贫民阶层
proletariat 无产阶级
bourgeois²⁷ 资产阶级
possess 拥有
dispossess 抢夺
invest 投资
devest 剥夺
16.monstrous a. 畸形的
monster n. 魔鬼，怪物
He is a monster. 他奇丑无比。
gorilla²⁸ n. 大猩猩
17.edifice n. 大厦
The whole edifice of his hope collapsed²⁹.
mansion³⁰ n. 大厦
a dream of red mansions³¹ 红楼梦
west chamber³² 西厢记
18.petrol fumes 汽油味
petrol 汽油[英]
gasoline 汽油[美]
petroleum³³ 石油
19.ceaselessly ad. 不停地
cease 的用法与stop 一样
cease doing
cease to do
cease fire 停火

　　1. The article is about: 工业带来的巨大影响
In the organization of industrial life……在工业生活的组织方面
the influence of the factory ……has been completely neglected 工厂对工人的……影响完全被忽视。
upon 常用于书面语
on 常用于口语
the physiological and mental state of the workers 工人的身心状态
in the organization of social life→in social life→society
in family life→family life→in a family
academic 学术的
in academic life→at school
2.Modern industry is based on the conception of 现代工业是建筑在以……的概念的基础上
concept: very basic, very concrete idea
conception= notion 理念
the maximum production 最大的规模生产
at lowest cost 最低的成本
in order that……表目的，以使得
individual 这里指manager, owner, CEO
3.It has expanded it指industry
without any idea= without giving any consideration 没有考虑
the true nature of the human beings 人的本性
the effects produced on …… the factory
produced 作后置定语
without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants 这是个歧义句
artificial intelligence 人工智能
4. have been built with 修建起来，完善起来
5.shape 形状
entirely= completely
income 收入
per square foot of ground 每一平方公尺，名词短语做状语，省略by
necessity of 需求
offer sb sth/ offer sth to sb 向某人提供东西
that……后置定语
6.this caused ……引发
masses 百姓
7.civilized man 文明人
反语:文明人对此还是颇为津津乐道的
8.enjoy 欣赏，享用
banal 平庸，庸俗
the necessities of life: 生活的自然，相互交际
9.moden city 现代都市
consist of 组成
monstrous edifices 奇形怪状的高楼大厦
dark, marrow³⁴ streets 狭窄黑暗的街道
full of petrol fumes 充满了汽油味
coal dust 煤灰
[辨异]toxic, poisonous
toxic adj. 有毒的（含毒）
Smoking is toxic.
poisonous adj. 有毒的（全部含毒）
torn by the noise of the taxi-cabs, lorries and buses 夹杂着出租汽车、大卡车和公共汽车的喧闹声
torn tear的过去分词
I was torn by the choice of going aboard or staying home.
taxi 来自法语，“费”的意思
cab: carriage
throng¹⁷ 拥挤
10.it 指城市
for the good of= for one’s benefits= for one’s behalf= for one’s interests= in the interest of sb 为……着想

1 physiological   

adj.生理学的，生理学上的

参考例句：

• He bought a physiological book.他买了一本生理学方面的书。
• Every individual has a physiological requirement for each nutrient.每个人对每种营养成分都有一种生理上的需要。

2 descend   

vt./vi.传下来，下来，下降

参考例句：

• I hope the grace of God would descend on me.我期望上帝的恩惠。
• We're not going to descend to such methods.我们不会沦落到使用这种手段。

3 skyscraper   

n.摩天大楼

参考例句：

• The skyscraper towers into the clouds.那幢摩天大楼高耸入云。
• The skyscraper was wrapped in fog.摩天楼为雾所笼罩。

4 skyscrapers   

n.摩天大楼

参考例句：

• A lot of skyscrapers in Manhattan are rising up to the skies. 曼哈顿有许多摩天大楼耸入云霄。
• On all sides, skyscrapers rose like jagged teeth. 四周耸起的摩天大楼参差不齐。

5 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

6 tenant   

n.承租人；房客；佃户；v.租借，租用

参考例句：

• The tenant was dispossessed for not paying his rent.那名房客因未付房租而被赶走。
• The tenant is responsible for all repairs to the building.租户负责对房屋的所有修理。

7 tenants   

n.房客( tenant的名词复数 )；佃户；占用者；占有者

参考例句：

• A number of tenants have been evicted for not paying the rent. 许多房客因不付房租被赶了出来。
• Tenants are jointly and severally liable for payment of the rent. 租金由承租人共同且分别承担。

8 civilize   

vt.使文明，使开化 (=civilise)

参考例句：

• We must civilize away the boy's bad habit.我们必须教育这孩子使其改掉恶习。
• Those facilities are intended to civilize people.那些设施的目的在于教化民众。

9 civilized   

a.有教养的，文雅的

参考例句：

• Racism is abhorrent to a civilized society. 文明社会憎恶种族主义。
• rising crime in our so-called civilized societies 在我们所谓文明社会中日益增多的犯罪行为

10 banal   

adj.陈腐的，平庸的

参考例句：

• Making banal remarks was one of his bad habits.他的坏习惯之一就是喜欢说些陈词滥调。
• The allegations ranged from the banal to the bizarre.从平淡无奇到离奇百怪的各种说法都有。

11 dwelling   

n.住宅，住所，寓所

参考例句：

• Those two men are dwelling with us.那两个人跟我们住在一起。
• He occupies a three-story dwelling place on the Park Street.他在派克街上有一幢3层楼的寓所。

12 monstrous   

adj.巨大的；恐怖的；可耻的，丢脸的

参考例句：

• The smoke began to whirl and grew into a monstrous column.浓烟开始盘旋上升，形成了一个巨大的烟柱。
• Your behaviour in class is monstrous!你在课堂上的行为真是丢人！

13 edifice   

n.宏伟的建筑物(如宫殿，教室)

参考例句：

• The American consulate was a magnificent edifice in the centre of Bordeaux.美国领事馆是位于波尔多市中心的一座宏伟的大厦。
• There is a huge Victorian edifice in the area.该地区有一幢维多利亚式的庞大建筑物。

14 edifices   

n.大建筑物( edifice的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• They complain that the monstrous edifices interfere with television reception. 他们抱怨说，那些怪物般的庞大建筑，干扰了电视接收。 来自辞典例句
• Wealthy officials and landlords built these queer edifices a thousand years ago. 有钱的官吏和地主在一千年前就修建了这种奇怪的建筑物。 来自辞典例句

15 fumes   

n.(强烈而刺激的)气味，气体

参考例句：

• The health of our children is being endangered by exhaust fumes. 我们孩子们的健康正受到排放出的废气的损害。
• Exhaust fumes are bad for your health. 废气对健康有害。

16 toxic   

adj.有毒的，因中毒引起的

参考例句：

• The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
• There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。

17 throng   

n.人群，群众；v.拥挤，群集

参考例句：

• A patient throng was waiting in silence.一大群耐心的人在静静地等着。
• The crowds thronged into the mall.人群涌进大厅。

18 thronged   

v.成群，挤满( throng的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Mourners thronged to the funeral. 吊唁者蜂拥着前来参加葬礼。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The department store was thronged with people. 百货商店挤满了人。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

19 descendent   

adj. 下降的, 降落的, 世袭的 n. 后代，子孙 =descendant

参考例句：

• With no direct descendent, who will succeed to the title? 没有直系后裔，谁来继承爵位呢？
• He is a descendent of Queen Victoria. 他是维多利亚女王的后代。

20 mentality   

n.心理，思想，脑力

参考例句：

• He has many years'experience of the criminal mentality.他研究犯罪心理有多年经验。
• Running a business requires a very different mentality from being a salaried employee.经营企业所要求具备的心态和上班族的心态截然不同。

21 ascend   

vi.渐渐上升，升高；vt.攀登，登上

参考例句：

• We watched the airplane ascend higher and higher.我们看着飞机逐渐升高。
• We ascend in the order of time and of development.我们按时间和发展顺序向上溯。

22 posterity   

n.后裔，子孙，后代

参考例句：

• Few of his works will go down to posterity.他的作品没有几件会流传到后世。
• The names of those who died are recorded for posterity on a tablet at the back of the church.死者姓名都刻在教堂后面的一块石匾上以便后人铭记。

23 imposing   

adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的

参考例句：

• The fortress is an imposing building.这座城堡是一座宏伟的建筑。
• He has lost his imposing appearance.他已失去堂堂仪表。

24 scarcity   

n.缺乏，不足，萧条

参考例句：

• The scarcity of skilled workers is worrying the government.熟练工人的缺乏困扰着政府。
• The scarcity of fruit was caused by the drought.水果供不应求是由于干旱造成的。

25 savage   

adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人

参考例句：

• The poor man received a savage beating from the thugs.那可怜的人遭到暴徒的痛打。
• He has a savage temper.他脾气粗暴。

26 dweller   

n.居住者，住客

参考例句：

• Both city and town dweller should pay tax.城镇居民都需要纳税。
• The city dweller never experiences anxieties of this sort.城市居民从未经历过这种担忧。

27 bourgeois   

adj./n.追求物质享受的(人)；中产阶级分子

参考例句：

• He's accusing them of having a bourgeois and limited vision.他指责他们像中产阶级一样目光狭隘。
• The French Revolution was inspired by the bourgeois.法国革命受到中产阶级的鼓励。

28 gorilla   

n.大猩猩，暴徒，打手

参考例句：

• I was awed by the huge gorilla.那只大猩猩使我惊惧。
• A gorilla is just a speechless animal.猩猩只不过是一种不会说话的动物。

29 collapsed   

adj.倒塌的

参考例句：

• Jack collapsed in agony on the floor. 杰克十分痛苦地瘫倒在地板上。
• The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. 房顶在雪的重压下突然坍塌下来。

30 mansion   

n.大厦，大楼；宅第

参考例句：

• The old mansion was built in 1850.这座古宅建于1850年。
• The mansion has extensive grounds.这大厦四周的庭园广阔。

31 mansions   

n.宅第，公馆，大厦( mansion的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Fifth Avenue was boarded up where the rich had deserted their mansions. 第五大道上的富翁们已经出去避暑，空出的宅第都已锁好了门窗，钉上了木板。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹
• Oh, the mansions, the lights, the perfume, the loaded boudoirs and tables! 啊，那些高楼大厦、华灯、香水、藏金收银的闺房还有摆满山珍海味的餐桌！ 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹

32 chamber   

n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所

参考例句：

• For many,the dentist's surgery remains a torture chamber.对许多人来说，牙医的治疗室一直是间受刑室。
• The chamber was ablaze with light.会议厅里灯火辉煌。

33 petroleum   

n.原油，石油

参考例句：

• The Government of Iran advanced the price of petroleum last week.上星期伊朗政府提高了石油价格。
• The purpose of oil refinery is to refine crude petroleum.炼油厂的主要工作是提炼原油。

34 marrow   

n.骨髓；精华；活力

参考例句：

• It was so cold that he felt frozen to the marrow. 天气太冷了，他感到寒冷刺骨。
• He was tired to the marrow of his bones.他真是累得筋疲力尽了。