Families

LESSoN SEVEN      TEXT  A   Families       Family -- the word has different meanings for different people, and even the dictionary gives us several definitions: a group of people related by blood or marriage, two adults and their children, all those people descended1 from a common ancestor, a household, and so on. Some people think of a family as a mother, a father, and their children; others include grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. For some of us, family means the group of relatives living far away from home. For others, having a family(gerund used for subject) simply means having children.(gerund used for object) Some families have long histories, while others know very little about their ancestors. No matter if (whether复合连接词) it is young or old, large or small, traditional or modern, every family has a sense of what a family is. It is that feeling of belonging, of love and security that comes from living together, helping2 and sharing.       There are basically two types of families: nuclear families and extended families. The nuclear family usually consists of two parents (mother and father) and their children. The mother and father form the nucleus3, or center, of the nuclear family. The children stay in the nuclear family until they grow up and marry. Then they form new nuclear families.       The extended family is very large. There are often many nuclear families in one extended family. An extended family includes children, parents, grand-parents, uncles, aunts, and cousins. The members of an extended family are related by blood (grandparents, parents, children, brothers, sisters, etc.) or by marriage (husbands, wives, mothers-in-law, etc.). They are all related, so the members of an extended family are called relatives. @           Regard as   No matter what= whatever   No matter how = however   No matter where = wherever   No matter when = whenever   Whatever do you want?   I will wait for you no matter where  you are.   Be composed of ----make up of   Not ----until   I did not get up until 8.       Football is played by all over the world.   English is spoken by all the people.   I was bitten by a dog yesterday.   The book will be translated into 3 languages.   The book has been translated into 3 languages.   The book had been translated into 3 languages by the end of 1998.   The book can be translated into 3 languages.   The new subway is being built now.

1 descended   

a.为...后裔的，出身于...的

参考例句：

• A mood of melancholy descended on us. 一种悲伤的情绪袭上我们的心头。
• The path descended the hill in a series of zigzags. 小路呈连续的之字形顺着山坡蜿蜒而下。

2 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

3 nucleus   

n.核，核心，原子核

参考例句：

• These young people formed the nucleus of the club.这些年轻人成了俱乐部的核心。
• These councils would form the nucleus of a future regime.这些委员会将成为一个未来政权的核心。