英国卫报：垃圾食品盛行 我们如何吃得更健康?(7)

As Tim Spector outlined in his recent book Spoon-Fed, evidence suggests that exercise while beneficial, especially for mental health does not reliably cause weight loss.

正如蒂姆-斯佩克特在他最近出版的《勺子喂养》一书中所概述的那样，有证据表明，运动虽然有益，尤其是对心理健康，但却并不能稳定地让体重下降。

But obesity¹ policies that propose more sport, rather than changes to diet, have always been popular in government because they pose no threat to the junk food industry.

但是提出更多运动而不是改变饮食的减肥政策在政府中一直很受欢迎，因为它们对垃圾食品行业不构成威胁。

We shouldn't be talking about obesity policy (let alone an obesity crisis) at all, but about food quality laws or junk food control.

我们根本就不应该讨论肥胖政策（更不用说肥胖危机），而应该讨论食品质量法或垃圾食品控制法。

After all, the government does not produce tobacco strategies with titles such as childhood smokers²: a plan for action or tackling smokers lungs.

毕竟，政府不会制定标题为 "儿童吸烟者行动计划 "或 "解决吸烟者的肺 "的烟草战略。

Chris van Tulleken, an infectious diseases doctor at University College London hospital, told me that, as with tobacco, the focus should be on regulating the marketing³, not blaming the consumer.

伦敦大学学院医院的传染病医生Chris van Tulleken告诉我，与烟草一样，重点应该放在监管营销上，而不是指责消费者。

He argues that ultra-processed foods should come with a warning label and that these products should not be marketed to children.

他认为，超加工食品应该有一个警告标签，这些产品不应该向儿童推销。

But there is still a reluctance⁴ within the UK government even to identify ultra-processed food as a problem.

但是，英国政府内部甚至仍然不愿意将超加工食品视为一个问题。

As Gyorgy Scrinis, an Australian professor of food policy, has shown, the big food companies have successfully lobbied governments around the world to ensure that official nutrition advice stays focused on individual nutrients⁵ in packaged foods rather than on ultra-processed food in general.

正如澳大利亚食品政策教授Gyorgy Scrinis所表明的那样，大型食品公司已经成功地游说了世界各地的政府，以确保官方的营养建议一直集中在包装食品中的个别营养成分上，而不是一般的超加工食品。

What would it take for England to have a food policy fit for the task?

英格兰要如何才能拥有能完成这项任务的食品政策？

One obvious solution would be to create a designated minister of food to coordinate⁶ food policy, as there was during the war and up until 1955, when the Ministry⁷ of Food became subsumed by Agriculture and Fisheries.

一个明显的解决方案是设立一位食品部长来协调食品政策，就像战争期间之后到1955年食品部归入农业和渔业部之前的情况那样。

Another solution would be to say that food is so relevant to every aspect of life that there should be food in every policy.

另一个解决方案是，粮食与生活的各个方面都息息相关，因此每项政策中都应该有粮食。

This is the approach favoured by the NFS report, which ruled out the idea of a single food minister, noting that food is not unique in being split across multiple departments.

这是国家粮食局报告所赞成的方法，该报告排除了设立一位粮食部长的想法，并指出将粮食分割给多个部门掌管的情况并非孤例。

Since the second world war, Dimbleby argued, the purpose of the food system in England has been to maximise the production of cheap food, regardless of quality.

丁伯斯认为，自第二次世界大战以来，英国食品系统的目的是最大限度地生产廉价食品，而不考虑其质量。

This urgently needs to change, but to pivot⁸ to a new system that produces nourishing, sustainable food would require radical⁹ adjustments all the way through the food chain.

这种情况迫切需要改变，但要转向一个生产有营养、可持续的新的食物系统，需要对整个食物生产链进行彻底的调整。

There is a need, as Dimbleby notes, for every cog in the wheel of the food system to be designed to make us well instead of sick, to be resilient and to help halt climate change.

正如丁伯斯所指出的，有必要调整食品系统中的每一个齿轮，让其为让我们的健康而不是生病，让我们的身体具有复原力，并帮助阻止气候变化而服务。

But where will this shared sense of purpose come from?

但是，这种共同的目标感将从何而来？

Having interviewed 23 of the most senior civil servants and politicians in Westminster, Kelly Parsons told me that she realised that at the highest levels of government in England, food was endlessly pushed down the agenda.

在采访了威斯敏斯特的23名最高级公务员和政治家后，凯莉-帕森斯告诉我，她意识到在英国政府的最高层，食品被无休止地推到了议程之外。

It simply wasn't seen as important.

他们认为食品问题根本不重要。

1 obesity   

n.肥胖，肥大

参考例句：

• One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
• Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。

2 smokers   

吸烟者( smoker的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily. 许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
• Chain smokers don't care about the dangers of smoking. 烟鬼似乎不在乎吸烟带来的种种危害。

3 marketing   

n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西

参考例句：

• They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
• He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。

4 reluctance   

n.厌恶，讨厌，勉强，不情愿

参考例句：

• The police released Andrew with reluctance.警方勉强把安德鲁放走了。
• He showed the greatest reluctance to make a reply.他表示很不愿意答复。

5 nutrients   

n.（食品或化学品）营养物，营养品( nutrient的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a lack of essential nutrients 基本营养的缺乏
• Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. 营养素被吸收进血液。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 coordinate   

adj.同等的，协调的；n.同等者；vt.协作，协调

参考例句：

• You must coordinate what you said with what you did.你必须使你的言行一致。
• Maybe we can coordinate the relation of them.或许我们可以调和他们之间的关系。

7 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

8 pivot   

v.在枢轴上转动；装枢轴，枢轴；adj.枢轴的

参考例句：

• She is the central pivot of creation and represents the feminine aspect in all things.她是创造的中心枢轴，表现出万物的女性面貌。
• If a spring is present,the hand wheel will pivot on the spring.如果有弹簧，手轮的枢轴会装在弹簧上。

9 radical   

n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的

参考例句：

• The patient got a radical cure in the hospital.病人在医院得到了根治。
• She is radical in her demands.她的要求十分偏激。