英语PK台 第114期:英语"连词"详解

 1、once作副词译“曾经”，作为连词译“一旦”，引导条件状语从句。相当于if的加强形式。例如：I don’t believe¹ he was² once a thief⁴. (once这里是副词)/ Once Aristotle had⁵ made⁶ up his mind⁷ that heavy objects⁸ always fell⁹ faster than light objects, he taught¹⁰ it as³ a truth¹¹ to his students. (once连词)

2、在用as if引导的方式状语从句及表语从句中，根据情况要使用虚拟语气。例如：He talks as if he knew all about it. 但有时也可用直陈语气。例如：It looks as if it is going¹² to rain.

3、whether¹³, if引导从句的用法区别：①引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，用whether，不用if。例如：Whether they will go to the Great Wall is not known¹⁴./ The question is whether we can finish the task¹⁵ on time./ The question whether we will take part¹⁶ in the physics¹⁷ contest¹⁸ has not been decided¹⁹. ②whether可接不定式，而if则不可。例如：I haven’t decided whether to leave or not. ③whether可作介词的宾语或置于句首表示强调，而if则不可。例如：Everything depends²⁰ on whether we have enough money./ Whether he will come, I am not sure. ④whether和if均可引导宾语从句， whether引导的宾语从句一般都是肯定句，if引导的宾语从句可以是肯定的，也可以是否定的（此时不能用whether），例如：Could you tell us whether/ if it rains in winter in Australia?/ I wonder²¹ if it doesn’t rain. ⑤引导宾语从句的whether和if常可与or not连用。连用时要注意or not的位置，它一般与 whether、if分开使用，有时它可与whether合起来使用，但不能与if合起来使用。例如：I don’t know whether/ if they will come or not./ I don’t know whether or not they will come.　⑥if可用来引导条件状语从句，译“如果”，whether则不行。例如：If you work hard, you are sure to succeed²².

4、as作从属连词可引导多种状语从句。①as引导时间状语从句，意为“当…时”。例如：As (he was) a young man, he was a storekeeper and later²³ a postmaster./ He sang²⁴ as he worked. ②as引导方式状语从句，意为“象…一样”。例如：We must do as the Party teaches us.　③as引导原因状语从句。意为“由于”，例如：As you are tired, you had better rest.　④as引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然”、“尽管”Child as he is, he can do it well. ( = Although²⁵ he is a child, he can do it well.) 另外，as做为关系代词还可以引导定语从句，如：I have the same book as you.

1 believe   

v.相信；认为

参考例句：

• Believe it or not,that's the way it is.信不信由你，反正事情就是这样。
• I believe what you say.我相信你的话。

2 was   

v.(is,am的过去式)是，在

参考例句：

• He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
• He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。

3 as   

conj.按照；如同

参考例句：

• He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
• In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里，这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。

4 thief   

n.贼；小偷

参考例句：

• He saw the thief running away.他看见贼逃走了。
• The thief broke the window and got into the house.那个窃贼打破窗子，进入屋内。

5 had   

vbl.have的过去式和过去分词；conj.有

参考例句：

• I just had a good idea!我有个好主意！
• The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。

6 made   

v.make的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• They were not made in china.它们不是中国制造的。
• The monkey made a long arm for the peach.猴子伸臂去摘桃子。

7 mind   

n.思想，主意，心意；v.介意，照顾，留心

参考例句：

• I've changed my mind.我一经转变主意。
• You really don't mind?你真的不介意？

8 objects   

n.物体( object的名词复数 )；目标；宾语；实体v.不赞成( object的第三人称单数 )；抗议；拒绝接受；抱反感

参考例句：

• everyday objects such as cups and saucers 诸如杯碟之类的日用品
• She objects to the ritual of organized religion. 她反对有组织宗教的仪规。

9 fell   

vbl.fall的过去式，vt.击倒，打倒（疾病等），致于...死地，砍伐；n.一季所伐的木材，兽皮，羊毛；adj.凶猛的，可怕的

参考例句：

• I fell to the ground.我摔倒在地上。
• The young couple fell in love at first sight.这对年轻人一见钟情。

10 taught   

v.teach的过去式过去分词

参考例句：

• Children must be taught to be careful of traffic.必须教育孩子要当心车辆。
• Miss Brown taught my daughter last year.去年是布朗小姐教我女儿的。

11 truth   

n.真理；真相，事实，实际情况

参考例句：

• We must find out the truth of the matter.我们必须弄清楚事情的真相。
• You may trust me that I'm speaking the truth.你可以相信我在说实话。

12 going   

n.去，离去，地面(或道路)的状况，工作情况；(复数形式）goings: 行为；adj.进行中的，流行的，现存的

参考例句：

• We're going to listen to a report this afternoon. 今天下午我们要去听报告。
• He hates leaving the office and going on holiday.他不愿离开办公室去度假。

13 whether   

conj.是否…，是不是…；是否…，是不是…

参考例句：

• I cannot say whether it was Saturday or Sunday.我无法肯定那天是星期六还是星期天。
• I don't care whether it rains,I am happy.我才不在乎下不下雨呢，我快活着呢。

14 known   

adj.大家知道的；知名的，已知的

参考例句：

• He is a known artist.他是一个知名的艺术家。
• He is known both as a painter and as a statesman.他是知名的画家及政治家。

15 task   

n.任务，工作，作业

参考例句：

• Our task is to supply vegetables all the year round.我们的任务是全年供应蔬菜。
• I repeat that we cannot undertake the task.我再说一遍，我们不能承担这项任务。

16 part   

n.部份，零件；角色，部位；vt.分开，分离，分配；vi.分离，离开；adv.部份地；adj.分离的

参考例句：

• This is the broken part.这就是损坏的部件。
• Which part do you play?你演哪一个角色？

17 physics   

n.物理学；物理过程

参考例句：

• He is working hard at physics.他在攻读物理学。
• He's very interested in nuclear physics.他对核物理学非常感兴趣。

18 contest   

n.竞争；竞赛，比赛；vt.竞赛，争取，争辩；vi.争夺

参考例句：

• Are you going to enter yourself for the contest? 你打算报名参加比赛吗？
• This is man's contest with nature.这是人与大自然的搏斗。

19 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

20 depends   

v.依靠( depend的第三人称单数 )；依赖；信赖；决定于

参考例句：

• The success or failure of the plan depends on you. 这项计划的成败取决于你。
• Our future prosperity depends on economic growth. 我们未来的繁荣昌盛依赖经济的发展。

21 wonder   

v.惊奇；惊讶；(对...)感到怀疑

参考例句：

• I wonder why he is late.我想知道他为什么迟到。
• No wonder it's a wonder.怪不得这是一个奇迹。

22 succeed   

vt.成功，继承，继续；vi.接替，有作为

参考例句：

• It was a good try but it didn't succeed.这是一个很好的尝试，但没有成功。
• If he has no children, who will succeed?如果他没有孩子，谁将继位？

23 later   

adv.过后，后来；adj.以后的，更后的，较晚的

参考例句：

• He didn't turn up until half an hour later.半小时后他才出现。
• This part of the hospital was built on later.医院的这个部分是后来增建的。

24 sang   

v.sing的过去式，唱，唱歌，鸣唱

参考例句：

• She sang a sad song.她唱着悲伤的歌。
• The children sang out at the top of their voices.孩子们放声高歌。

25 although   

conj（=though）虽然，即使，纵然，尽管

参考例句：

• Although my car is very old,It'still runs very well.我的汽车虽然很旧，但仍然跑得很快。
• Although he worked hard,he failed in the exam.虽然他很努力，但他考试没有及格。