英语PK台 第371期:宾语从句精讲(4)

 　　宾语从句的否定转移

　　主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy¹, guess等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。

　　I don't think (that) he will come to my party. （对）

　　而不能说成I think he won't come to my party. （错）

　　我认为他不会来我的舞会。

　　I don't believe that man is killed by Jim, is he?

　　我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的，是不是？

　　如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词，其反义疑问句要用肯定形式。

　　We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he?

　　我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课，是不是？

　　宾语从句的时态和语序

　　当主句为现在时或将来时，宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响。当主句为过去时，从句就会出现三种可能。

　　1. 主句过去时+从句一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生

　　I only knew that he was studying in a western country, but I didn't know what country he was in.

　　我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书，可不知道是哪个国家。

　　He asked me if I was reading² the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.

　　他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读《老人与海》。

　　2. 主句过去时+从句过去完成表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前

　　He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.

　　他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉了Mary。

　　3. 主句过去时+从句谓语过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后

　　The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures³ to put down the to-do.

　　记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱。

　　4. 特殊

　　若从句叙述的是客观真理、自然现象或永恒不变的规律时，则不受主句时态的限制，仍用一般现在时

　　The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.

　　老师昨天说月亮围着地球转。

　　Our teacher told us light travels much faster than sound.

　　老师告诉我们光传播的速度比声音快得多。

　　They knew the sun is much bigger than the earth then.

　　他们那时就知道太阳比地球大得多。

　　He said that one and one makes two.

　　他说一加一等于二。

　　宾语从句的间接引语

　　概念：当直接引语是特殊疑问句，改为间接引语时，用原句中的疑问词做连接词，疑问语序改为陈述语序。

　　“What do you want?” he asked me.

　　→He asked me what I wanted.

　　“你想要什么？”他问我。

　　→他问我想要什么。

　　He asked her, “Where are you going?”

　　→He asked her where she was going.

　　他问她：“你去哪儿”

　　→他问她她去哪儿。

　　“How much have we spent on petrol⁴ this year?” Susan asked her husband.

　　→Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year.

　　苏姗问她丈夫那一年在汽油上花了多少钱。

　　The secretary⁵ said: “I haven't received the letter today.”

　　→The secretary said that she hadn't received the letter that day.

　　秘书说她那天没有收到那封信。

1 fancy   

n.想像力，幻想；喜好，爱；adj.想像的，时髦的，华丽装饰的，奢侈的；技巧的；vt.想象，自认为，喜好

参考例句：

• He seemed to have taken quite a fancy to her.他似乎相当喜欢她。
• I have a fancy that it's going to rain.我想大概要下雨。

2 reading   

n.阅读，知识，读物，表演，对法律条文的解释；adj.阅读的

参考例句：

• Children learn reading and writing at school.孩子们在学校学习阅读和写作。
• He finds pleasure in reading.他从阅读中得到乐趣。

3 measures   

n.程度；度量法；度量单位；度量器具；（一定的）量( measure的名词复数 )；程度；措施v.量( measure的第三人称单数 )；测量；衡量；量出

参考例句：

• A number of measures were taken to alleviate the problem. 采取了一系列措施缓解这个问题。
• The measures were decried as useless. 这些措施受到指责，说是不起作用。

4 petrol   

n.（英）汽油（[美]gasoline）

参考例句：

• After a long journey,we got to a petrol station at last.一场长途跋涉后，我们终于赶到了加油站。
• Nowadays petrol costs too much.如今的汽油太贵了。

5 secretary   

n.秘书，部长，大臣，书记

参考例句：

• I want to check with my secretary before I sign the papers.在签署这些文件前，我要与我的秘书商议。
• She rang the bell for her secretary.她按铃叫她的秘书。