英语PK台 第603期:2017四六级考前冲刺 阅读提分大法(1)

 Part 1：选词填空真题第一套

选词填空是英语四级考试阅读中的题型之一，主要考查对上下文的理解以及对词汇应用能力。选词填空的篇幅在250~300词左右，要求考生从给出15个的单词中，选出10个填到文中的空格处。

题型介绍

As if you needed another reason to hate the gym, it now turns out that exercise can exhaust not only your muscles, but also your eyes. Fear not, however, for coffee can stimulate¹ them again. During 26 exercise, our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products.

好像你还需要其他理由痛恨健身馆似的，现在证明锻炼不仅使肌肉感到疲劳，还会让眼睛困倦。但是不用害怕，因为咖啡能使它们重新恢复活力。在 (26) 剧烈运动时，随着能量耗尽、废物积累，我们的肌肉会感到疲劳。

Muscle performance can also be affected² by a 27 called "central fatigue³," in which an imbalance in the body's chemical messengers prevents the central nervous system from directing muscle movements 28 . It was not known, however, whether central fatigue might also affect motor systems not directly 29 in the exercise itself, such as those that move the eyes.

肌肉的性能也受被称之为“中央疲倦” (27) 现象的影响，即身体中传递化学物质的信使不均衡，导致中央神经系统不能 (28) 有效地指导肌肉运动。但是，之前人们并不知道中央疲倦是否可能影响未直接 (29) 参与锻炼的运动肌肉系统，例如那些使眼睛活动的肌肉。

To find out, researchers gave 11 volunteer cyclists a carbohydrate⁴ (碳水化合物的) 30 either with a moderate dose of caffeine (咖啡因), which is known to stimulate the central nervous system, or as a placebo⁵ (安慰剂) without, during 3 hours of 31 . After exercising, the scientists tested the cyclists with eye-tracking cameras to see how well their brains could still 32 their visual system.

为了查明这一点，在3小时的 (31) 骑行中，研究人员给11名自行车手志愿者一支碳水化合物 (30) 溶剂，有的含有适量的咖啡因，能够刺激中央神经系统；有的是作为安慰剂，不含咖啡因。在锻炼后，科学家用追踪眼动的摄像机检测这些车手，以发现他们的大脑对视觉系统 (32) 控制如何。

The team found that exercise reduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8%, 33 their ability to capture new visual information. The caffeine, the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee, was 34 to reverse this effect, with some cyclists even displaying 35 eye movement speeds. So it might be a good idea to get someone else to drive you home after that marathon.

研究团队发现，锻炼大约降低了快速眼动速度的8%，从而 (33) 妨碍了眼睛捕捉新的视觉信息的能力。溶剂中的咖啡因相当于两杯浓咖啡，(34) 足以扭转这一影响，有的自行车手眼动速度甚至 (35) 加快了。因此，跑完马拉松后，找人开车送你回家也许是个好主意。

A) cautiously B) commit C) control D) cycling E) effectively F) increased G) involved H) limited I) phenomenon J) preventing K) sensitive L) slowing M) solution N) sufficient O) vigorous

考题词选项 15选10

解题步骤 1

1. 开篇句仔细阅读三遍，把握篇章主题

As if you needed another reason to hate the gym, it now turns out that exercise can exhaust not only your muscles, but also your eyes.

好像你还需要其他理由痛恨健身馆似的，现在证明锻炼不仅使肌肉感到疲劳，还会让眼睛困倦。

解题步骤 2

2. 将15个选项词按名词、动词、形容词、副词分类。

名词：

C) control 控制

D) cycling 骑自行车

I) phenomenon 现象

M) solution 溶剂，解决方法

动词：

B) commit 犯（罪），致力于

C) control 控制；

F) increased 增加；

G) involved 涉及，包含

H) limited 限制；

J) preventing 妨碍，阻止

L) slowing 减缓

形容词：

F) increased 增加的

G) involved 参与的，卷入的

H) limited 有限的

K) sensitive 敏感的，善解人意的

N) sufficient 充分的

O) vigorous 强有力的，强健的

副词：

A) cautiously 谨慎地；

E) effectively 有效地，事实上

解题步骤 3

3. 保八大法 技巧（一）形容词要看其前后

During 26 exercise, our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products.

在 (26) 剧烈运动时，随着能量耗尽、废物积累，我们的肌肉会感到疲劳。

【思路】：exercise 为名词，名词前只能填形容词。按句意理解，形容词分项的Vigorous 有力的，剧烈为最适宜句意的选项。

解题步骤 4

4. 保八大法 技巧（二）名词之后填分词

Muscle performance can also be affected by a 27 called "central fatigue," in which an imbalance in the body's chemical messengers prevents the central nervous system from directing muscle movements 28 .

肌肉的性能也受被称之为“中央疲倦” (27) 现象的影响，即身体中传递化学物质的信使不均衡，导致中央神经系统不能 (28) 有效地指导肌肉运动。

【思路】：a 冠词后一般接名词，同时called为分词，按技巧二，名词后接分词，同时按句意分析，名词组中“ I) phenomenon 现象”最为准确。

1 stimulate   

vt.刺激，使兴奋；激励，使…振奋

参考例句：

• Your encouragement will stimulate me to further efforts.你的鼓励会激发我进一步努力。
• Success will stimulate the people for fresh efforts.成功能鼓舞人们去作新的努力。

2 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

3 fatigue   

n.疲劳，劳累

参考例句：

• The old lady can't bear the fatigue of a long journey.这位老妇人不能忍受长途旅行的疲劳。
• I have got over my weakness and fatigue.我已从虚弱和疲劳中恢复过来了。

4 carbohydrate   

n.碳水化合物；糖类；(plural)淀粉质或糖类

参考例句：

• You should not have too much carbohydrate in your diet.你日常饮食中不该有过多碳水化合物。
• Cashew nuts are rich in carbohydrate.腰果含丰富碳水化合物。

5 placebo   

n.安慰剂；宽慰话

参考例句：

• The placebo has been found to work with a lot of different cases.人们已发现安慰剂能在很多不同的病例中发挥作用。
• The placebo effect refers to all the observable behaviors caused by placebo.安慰剂效应是指由安慰剂所引起的可观察的行为。