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Hello and Welcome to News and Reports on China Radio International.
In This Edition
US President Barack Obama and top congressional leaders are to meet to try to avoid falling over the so-called 'fiscal1 cliff.'
A senior Japanese scholar says Shinzo Abe's new government will take a cautious attitude towards ties with China.
China's foreign trade is to increase by around 6-percent in 2012.
And we'll also take a look at China's new pension insurance system, which is expected to cover 60-percent of the country's population by 2015.
Hot Issue Reports
Obama, Congressional Leaders to Meet Friday
US President Barack Obama and top congressional leaders are to meet later on this Friday to try to avoid falling over the so-called 'fiscal cliff.'
President Obama, Senate Majority Leader Harry2 Reid, Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, House Speaker John Boehner and House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi will all going to be part of negotiations3 at the White House.
The Democrats4 have been pushing for higher taxes to generate more revenue, while the Republicans have been advocating more spending cuts.
For more on the latest negotiations, Paul James spoke5 earlier with Zha Xiaogang, researcher at the Department of World Economic Studies with the Shanghai Institute of International Studies.
Abe Not to Go Further to Annoy Asian Neighbors, Experts
A senior Japanese political analyst6 is suggesting Shinzo Abe's new government is going to take a cautious attitude towards ties with China and Japan's other neighbors.
CRI's Wei Tong has more.
Satoshi Amako, a professor of contemporary Chinese studies at Waseda University, is suggesting the top priority for Shinzo Abe's new cabinet is to maintain a stable political environment before the House of Councilors election next July.
"The most important task for Abe is to revive Japan's looming8 economy. What's more, he has to make an attempt to mend ties with the United States. Indeed, Abe is considered to be a hawkish9 politician. But he will not immediately put his hawkish ideas into practice because he has to take Japan's national interests into serious consideration."
Shinzo Abe is on record as saying he would like to modify Japan's pacifist constitution and form a national defense10 army.
Those comments caused a lot of irritation11 in Japan's Asian neighbors.
Ties between China and Japan have been at a low point this year amid the dispute over the Diaoyu Islands.
At the same time, tensions with South Korea and Russia over territorial12 disputes are also escalating13.
As such, Satoshi Amako says he believes the new Abe government is going to have to be pragmatic in its foreign policy to avoid becoming isolated14 in the region.
"Japan cannot take radical steps to annoy China. I suggest Japan and China hold talks at all levels to bring an end to the disputes and enhance mutual15 understanding. It is essential for Abe's cabinet. Also, I hope Abe's cabinet can make moves to improve Japan's broader ties with China."
Shinzo Abe has returned to the role of Japanese prime minister, after his Liberal Democratic Party swept back to power in this month's parliamentary elections.
Abe was previously16 Japan's prime minister from 2006 to 2007.
For CRI, I am Wei Tong.
Japan's New Government Sticks to Three-year Nuclear Safety Goal
Japan's new government has said it hopes to stick to a three year deadline to decide whether to restart all nuclear reactors18 after safety checks.
Economy Minister Toshimitsu Motegi, who is also responsible for energy policy, says reactors will be restarted as units have received the all-clear from the atomic regulator.
"We will rely on the Nuclear Regulation Authority to judge safety from an expert point of view and will not restart the ones where safety is not confirmed. On the other hand, if the nuclear reactor17 is deemed safe, we will respect that opinion and move to restart the reactor."
However NRA Chairman Shunichi Tanaka, has said completing safety checks within the three-year time frame set by new Prime Minister Shinzo Abe will be impossible to meet.
All but two of Japan's fifty reactors remain switched off, after an earthquake and tsunami19 caused meltdowns and explosions at the Fukushima Daiichi station in northeastern Japan in March 2011.
Atomic energy supplied about 30-percent of Japan's needs before Fukushima, but since the disaster support for nuclear power has plummeted20.
Abe's government said it would take 10-years to decide on the best energy mix for Japan.
China's 2012 Foreign Trade to Grow 6 pct: Minister
China's foreign trade is expected to increase by around 6-percent year on year in 2012.
The growth will be slower than the annual target of 10-percent set by the government.
Foreign trade rose 5.8 percent year-on-year in the first 11-months of the year.
"Though the growth is just 6 percent, it owns a good quaility. Our export ratio in the international market increased 0.6 percent."
The ministry forecasts the export ratio in the international market will reach 11- percent this year.
Meanwhile, Minister of Commerce Chen Deming says the ministry will accelerate restructuring to stabilize22 foreign trade growth.
"We will continue to boost export rebates23, expand the channels for trade financing, facilitate export credit insurance and especially facilitate the financing need for the export of large equipment."
China will increase imports of energy and resource products, advanced technical equipment and key components24.
Chen also estimated that China's use of foreign direct investment will reach about 110-billion U.S dollars this year.
That will represent a decline of about 6-billion U.S dollars in 2011.
Chen said the government will create more preferential policies next year to encourage foreign investors27 to invest in central and west China.
A 17-year-old girl in the northern Indian state of Punjab, who was allegedly raped29 in November, has committed suicide after police failed to take action against the accused.
Indian media is reporting she consumed poison at home later died in hospital.
Police sources say three men abducted30 the girl, then she was repeatedly raped and dumped on the road.
The victim had tried to report the case for 14-days, but local police did not register the case and tried to force a settlement between the rapists and the girl's family.
After the suicide, the police hastily arrested the accused, two men and a woman, earlier on Thursday.
PARAMJIT SINGH GILL, inspector31 general OF POLICE OF PATIALA RANGE,says the officer in charge of the police station is reported to have been sacked for negligence32.
"Till November 27, almost for 14 days, no action was taken in this case. No case was registered neither was any arrest made. Attempts were also made to hush33 up the case by arriving at a compromise. But nothing happened. After 14 days when the case was registered."
News of the teenager's suicide comes as a 23-year-old medical student, who was brutally34 assaulted by six men in a moving bus in New Delhi, battles for her life in a Singapore hospital.
The savage35 New Delhi gang rape has caused outrage36 in India with thousands participating in massive protests demanding stringent37 punishment for the rapists and tough anti-rape laws.
China Proposes New Pension Insurance System
We'll continue our yearend reports on key words 2012.Today's key words are "pension insurance."
With a rapidly aging society here in China, the central authorities have unveiled plans to cover at least 60-percent of the country's population under the pension insurance scheme by 2015.
On top of this, the authorities are proposing a new pension system which will allow people to choose among 3-different types of programs.
As such, CRI's Zhang Qizhi has more.
China's current pension insurance system includes basic pension insurance for urban workers, rural social insurance and urban social insurance.
Under the new plan, those covered by two or three of these types of insurance can switch from one or the other.
Professor Zheng Fengtian with the College of Agriculture and Rural Development at Renmin University says the new policy is part of the broader reform of the social insurance system.
"There should be a unified38 standard for everyone, no matter who he is. However, the insurance gap between different classes is evident. Yet, to set a unified standard for every different social group costs a lot. So the new scheme is on the right path by starting with people in rural areas, as it paves way for the broader reform of the whole society."
Under the new proposal, people who have paid into social insurance for 15 consecutive39 years can apply for the basic pension insurance for urban workers, which generates higher returns.
Those who haven't reached the 15-year payment period can apply for the new urban or rural social security plans so they can have basic coverage40.
As an example, if a migrant worker from the rural areas has been paying for the new rural social security scheme, he or she can apply to have their payment moved to the better-paying account for urban workers if he or she has moved to urban areas to work.
However, professor Zheng Fengtian notes the 15-year payment requirement is one of the main reasons most migrant workers can't qualify for the most lucrative41 program.
"Rural migrant workers who are currently working may eventually benefit from the policy. But those who are in their 50's or 60's probably won't. At the same time, the current policy doesn't cover people from rural areas who are living without a job in the city. These are the problems yet to be solved in the new policy. "
Meanwhile, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences is reporting China's pension deficit42 has reached some 77-billion yuan through 2011.
Its latest report shows over one-third of China's 31 provinces and autonomous43 regions are facing pension fund deficits44.
The government's top think tank is warning of an unsustainable financial situation under the current pension system.
"Our basic pension insurance system seems to have saved a large surplus in recent years. And they have guaranteed the current needs. However, most of the surplus comes from financial subsidies46 by the central and local governments."
The report by CASS also notes China's economic growth structure is undergoing a planned slow-down, which is also going to reduce revenues to the pension system.
Dai Xianglong, chair of the National Social Security Fund, is suggesting part of the gaps in the pension fund can be covered by this country's state-owned enterprises.
"I think we should set up a system to transfer one fifth of SOE profits to social security funds."
China's pension fund only accounts for 2 percent of the total GDP.
The ratio is 83 percent in Norway, 25 percent in Japan and 15 percent in the US.
An aging population here in China is quickly becoming a major concern.
There were 190 million people at or above the age of 60 as of the end of 2011.
It is estimated this figure will top 200 million by 2013.
By 2050, one-third of the Chinese population will be 60 or older.
As many as 125 million elderly people here in China currently receive pensions every month.
As such, Chinese Premier47 Wen Jiabao has promised to increase government spending on the social insurance system to address the aging problem.
For CRI, I'm Qizhi.
2013 Property Market
Runaway48 real estate prices in China have been a significant source of public complaint in recent years.
To curb49 the soaring housing prices, the government has implemented50 a string of policies since early 2010.
However, the property market has shown signs of warming in recent months.
The central bank twice cut interest rates and the banks' reserve requirement ratio to buoy51 the economy earlier this year.
At the most recent central economic work conference, China said urbanization is a key driver of domestic demand, remaining that way in 2013.
However, China is also indicating it will stick to control measures in the property sector25 next year.
For more on expectations of the Chinese property market in 2013 , Rebecca Hume spoke earlier with Zhuang Jian, Senior Economist52 at Asian Development Bank's Resident Mission in China.
CHINA DAILY
"Program helps poor obtain defense"
Courts in Zhejiang province are testing a program that will offer free legal services to poor defendants53 in criminal cases.
Since the beginning of 2011, Zhejiang courts have appointed lawyers to defend over 22-thousand suspects who faced the possibility of being sentenced to more than three years in jail.
That number was up by 130 percent from the two-year period starting in 2009.
Ensuring more suspects are represented by defense lawyers will help protect their rights and prevent miscarriages54 of justice.
Local authorities estimated high legal fees now prevent all but 30 percent of suspects from obtaining a legal defense.
Free legal services will also be offered to those who are older than 60 and are not a principal suspect in a crime, or who come from ethnic55 groups and do not understand Mandarin56.
SHANGHAI DAILY
Metro officials will add more vending machines and ATMs to the subway system in the coming year to meet the increasing demands and to eliminate potential fire dangers posed by some of the current, smaller subway stores.
The Metro operator intends to sell various kinds of goods, such as drinks, snacks and fruits, from the machines.
The plan of selling daily-use medicine via the machines is also under discussion.
However, some passengers have expressed concern about the quality and freshness of the food.
The city removed 400 to 500 stores from the subway network at the time of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo for safety concerns.
Officials said they are working on solutions to the problem of expired food and drinks being sold via the machines.
BBC
"Africa image harming aid effort, says charity Oxfam"
Charity Oxfam has said a negative image of Africa in the UK is harming efforts to raise food aid in the continent.
It found that three out of four people had become desensitized to images showing hunger, drought and disease.
Three-quarters thought it was possible to end hunger in Africa, but just one in five believed they could play an active role in achieving it.
Of the more than two thousand people surveyed, almost half suggested hunger as the biggest problem facing Africa.
Respondents to the survey said over-exposure to negative media and advertising60 portrayals61 of Africa and developing countries in other parts of the world was "depressing, manipulative and hopeless".
According to Oxfam chief executive Dame62 Barbara Stocking, if they want people to help fight hunger they have to give them grounds for hope by showing the potential of countries across Africa.
Market Update
In market news....U.S. stocks fell for a fifth consecutive day on Friday as the prospects63 of the "fiscal cliff" were still uncertain.
All three major indexes slumped64. The Dow Jones industrial average tumbled 1.2 percent to 12,938, the S&P 500 fell 1.1 percent to1,402, and the Nasdaq composite index dropped 0.9 percent to 2,906.
European market also traded lower. London's FTSE 100 dopped 0.5 percent to 5,925. Frankfurt's DAX lost 0.6 percent to 7,612. CAC 40 in Paris shed 1.5 percent to 3,620.
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1
fiscal
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| adj.财政的，会计的，国库的，国库岁入的 | |
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harry
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| vt.掠夺，蹂躏，使苦恼 | |
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negotiations
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| 协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过 | |
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democrats
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| n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 ) | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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analyst
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| n.分析家，化验员；心理分析学家 | |
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radical
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| n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的 | |
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looming
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| n.上现蜃景（光通过低层大气发生异常折射形成的一种海市蜃楼）v.隐约出现，阴森地逼近( loom的现在分词 )；隐约出现，阴森地逼近 | |
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hawkish
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| adj. 鹰派的, 强硬派的 | |
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defense
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| n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩 | |
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irritation
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| n.激怒，恼怒，生气 | |
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territorial
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| adj.领土的，领地的 | |
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escalating
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| v.（使）逐步升级( escalate的现在分词 )；（使）逐步扩大；（使）更高；（使）更大 | |
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isolated
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| adj.与世隔绝的 | |
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mutual
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| adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的 | |
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previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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reactor
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| n.反应器；反应堆 | |
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reactors
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| 起反应的人( reactor的名词复数 )； 反应装置； 原子炉； 核反应堆 | |
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tsunami
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| n.海啸 | |
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plummeted
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| v.垂直落下，骤然跌落( plummet的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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ministry
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| n.(政府的)部；牧师 | |
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stabilize
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| vt.（使）稳定，使稳固，使稳定平衡；vi.稳定 | |
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rebates
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| n.退还款( rebate的名词复数 )；回扣；返还（退还的部份货价）；折扣 | |
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components
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| （机器、设备等的）构成要素，零件，成分； 成分( component的名词复数 )； [物理化学]组分； [数学]分量； （混合物的）组成部分 | |
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sector
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| n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形 | |
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sectors
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| n.部门( sector的名词复数 )；领域；防御地区；扇形 | |
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investors
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| n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 ) | |
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rape
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| n.抢夺，掠夺，强奸；vt.掠夺，抢夺，强奸 | |
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raped
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| v.以暴力夺取，强夺( rape的过去式和过去分词 )；强奸 | |
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abducted
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| 劫持，诱拐( abduct的过去式和过去分词 )； 使（肢体等）外展 | |
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inspector
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| n.检查员，监察员，视察员 | |
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negligence
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| n.疏忽，玩忽，粗心大意 | |
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hush
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| int.嘘，别出声；n.沉默，静寂；v.使安静 | |
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brutally
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| adv.残忍地，野蛮地，冷酷无情地 | |
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savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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outrage
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| n.暴行，侮辱，愤怒；vt.凌辱，激怒 | |
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stringent
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| adj.严厉的；令人信服的；银根紧的 | |
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unified
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| (unify 的过去式和过去分词)； 统一的； 统一标准的； 一元化的 | |
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consecutive
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| adj.连续的，联贯的，始终一贯的 | |
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coverage
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| n.报导，保险范围，保险额，范围，覆盖 | |
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lucrative
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| adj.赚钱的，可获利的 | |
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deficit
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| n.亏空，亏损；赤字，逆差 | |
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autonomous
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| adj.自治的；独立的 | |
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deficits
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| n.不足额( deficit的名词复数 )；赤字；亏空；亏损 | |
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45
vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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46
subsidies
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| n.补贴，津贴，补助金( subsidy的名词复数 ) | |
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47
premier
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| adj.首要的；n.总理，首相 | |
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48
runaway
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| n.逃走的人，逃亡，亡命者；adj.逃亡的，逃走的 | |
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curb
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| n.场外证券市场，场外交易；vt.制止，抑制 | |
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50
implemented
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| v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效 | |
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buoy
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| n.浮标；救生圈；v.支持，鼓励 | |
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economist
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| n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人 | |
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defendants
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| 被告( defendant的名词复数 ) | |
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miscarriages
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| 流产( miscarriage的名词复数 ) | |
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ethnic
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| adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的 | |
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Mandarin
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| n.中国官话，国语，满清官吏；adj.华丽辞藻的 | |
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metro
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| n.地铁；adj.大都市的；(METRO)麦德隆(财富500强公司之一总部所在地德国，主要经营零售) | |
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vending
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| v.出售（尤指土地等财产）( vend的现在分词 )；（尤指在公共场所）贩卖；发表（意见，言论）；声明 | |
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oust
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| vt.剥夺，取代，驱逐 | |
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advertising
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| n.广告业；广告活动 a.广告的；广告业务的 | |
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portrayals
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| n.画像( portrayal的名词复数 )；描述；描写；描摹 | |
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dame
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| n.女士 | |
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prospects
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| n.希望，前途(恒为复数) | |
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slumped
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| 大幅度下降，暴跌( slump的过去式和过去分词 )； 沉重或突然地落下[倒下] | |
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