英语听力：自然百科 从桑巴到巴萨诺瓦 Samba To Bossa—9

 The man who transformed Samba was President Getúlio Vargas, who seized power with military help in 1930. 

 

Vargas controlled Brazil for 18 years, first as a dictator and later as a democratically elected president. He was both an authoritarian¹ and a populist, who started out as an admirer of the European fascists², Mussolini and Hitler. He banned strikes, but promoted industry in social welfare and he was determined³ to bring a new national identity to his vast country, then a loose confederation of states. 

 

He did so by championing those intellectuals who argued that Brazil should not be modeled on white Europe, but should positively⁴ celebrate racial mixing and Afro-Brazilian culture. The president spread the message using a new medium of nationwide radio stations, and by promoting Samba, now the government-approved symbol of Brazil’s racial democracy. 

 

"It was a, a really big cultural revolution going on in Brazil, a new music, a new way, I('m) thinking about Brazilian culture, all these things together. and, and, and, and the whole creation of media to, to, to broadcast the new ideas. So Vargas was very lucky to have all these tools."

 

The Vargas administration wanted to use Samba to unify⁵ Brazil, but in return, it was demanded that Samba should change. In 1936, it was announced that Samba musicians could now take part in the carnival⁶ parade. They raved⁷ in college to do so, but there were new strict rules. Samba schools were now required to present a national theme with a patriotic⁸ lesson.

1 authoritarian   

n./adj.专制(的)，专制主义者，独裁主义者

参考例句：

• Foreign diplomats suspect him of authoritarian tendencies.各国外交官怀疑他有着独裁主义倾向。
• The authoritarian policy wasn't proved to be a success.独裁主义的政策证明并不成功。

2 fascists   

n.法西斯主义的支持者( fascist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The old man was seized with burning hatred for the fascists. 老人对法西斯主义者充满了仇恨。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Zoya heroically bore the torture that the Fascists inflicted upon her. 卓娅英勇地承受法西斯匪徒加在她身上的酷刑。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 determined   

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

• I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
• He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

4 positively   

adv.明确地，断然，坚决地；实在，确实

参考例句：

• She was positively glowing with happiness.她满脸幸福。
• The weather was positively poisonous.这天气着实讨厌。

5 unify   

vt.使联合，统一；使相同，使一致

参考例句：

• How can we unify such scattered islands into a nation?我们怎么才能把如此分散的岛屿统一成一个国家呢？
• It is difficult to imagine how the North and South could ever agree on a formula to unify the divided peninsula.很难想象南北双方在统一半岛的方案上究竟怎样才能达成一致。

6 carnival   

n.嘉年华会，狂欢，狂欢节，巡回表演

参考例句：

• I got some good shots of the carnival.我有几个狂欢节的精彩镜头。
• Our street puts on a carnival every year.我们街的居民每年举行一次嘉年华会。

7 raved   

v.胡言乱语( rave的过去式和过去分词 )；愤怒地说；咆哮；痴心地说

参考例句：

• Andrew raved all night in his fever. 安德鲁发烧时整夜地说胡话。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They raved about her beauty. 他们过分称赞她的美。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

8 patriotic   

adj.爱国的，有爱国心的

参考例句：

• His speech was full of patriotic sentiments.他的演说充满了爱国之情。
• The old man is a patriotic overseas Chinese.这位老人是一位爱国华侨。