15篇文章贯通六级词汇Unit14-Part2

[00:00.00]While in London,
[00:02.41]Sun received an unexpected boost
[00:04.86]to his efforts of eliciting¹ help for his cause.
[00:07.70]While on his way there, in 1896,
[00:12.29]he was kidnapped and held
[00:14.16]in the Chinese (Qing) Embassy.
[00:16.56]He managed to sneak² a message to a friend
[00:19.84]who talked to the press.
[00:21.48]This created an embarrassing situation
[00:24.76]for the Chinese government,
[00:26.52]which consequently, released Sun.
[00:29.03]The Chinese portrayed³ Sun as insane or as an idiot.
[00:34.72]This incident, along with a popular book
[00:38.88]that he wrote about the experience,
[00:40.74]magnified his reputation internationally.
[00:44.24]In Japan, shortly after,
[00:47.41]he was welcomed as an international celebrity⁴.
[00:51.36]In order to carry out a successful revolution,
[00:55.84]he realized that his agenda required
[00:58.79]the support of intellectuals.
[01:00.65]To enroll⁵ the support of the latter,
[01:03.83]he needed a well thought-out plan or theory.
[01:07.11]From this realization⁶,
[01:09.84]the doctrine⁷ of The Three Principles
[01:12.58]of the People was disclosed.
[01:14.76]The three were nationalism, democracy,
[01:19.14]and the people's livelihood⁸.
[01:21.22]Nationalism was interpreted initially⁹
[01:25.27]to mean anti?Manchu,
[01:27.02]while democracy meant a republican form of government.
[01:30.85]The people's livelihood was perceived
[01:34.35]as state ownership of property.
[01:36.54]This would be the solution
[01:39.05]to avoid the problemsof economic inequalities
[01:42.45]experienced in the west.
[01:44.19]Given his knowledge of the west's experience,
[01:48.35]Sun saw this approach
[01:50.76]for China as more practical and reliable.
[01:54.04]His plan for revolution suggested three stages:
[01:58.96]military rule, political tutelage,
[02:02.69]and constitutional government.
[02:05.74]He saw that military rule
[02:08.37]was needed for a period of time
[02:10.67]to rid China of lingering corruption¹⁰
[02:13.73]from the Qing period,
[02:15.49]and to create an environment of stability
[02:18.66]to create the new Chinese society.
[02:21.72]Political tutelage guardianship¹¹,
[02:25.11]for perhaps three years,
[02:27.19]was needed to gradually develop a stronger,
[02:30.47] more permanent political system,
[02:32.88]and to acclimatize the Chinese people
[02:35.73]to these political changes.
[02:38.35]After six years, China might be ready for
[02:42.73]a permanent constitutional republican government.
[02:46.88]He sincerely hoped that
[02:49.51]his plan would permeate¹² China
[02:51.37]with widespread acceptance.
[02:53.56]In 1905, while in Japan,
[02:58.81]Sun was instrumental in setting up
[03:02.09]the United League of China.
[03:03.73]The Wuchang (Wuhan) Revolt,
[03:07.34]in October of 1911,
[03:09.75]brought Sun Yat-sen to Shanghai.
[03:12.37]Shortly after the successful overthrow¹³
[03:16.21]of the Qing Dynasty,
[03:18.07]Sun was elected Interim¹⁴ President
[03:20.58]of the new Republic of China
[03:22.55]in Nanking, the capital.
[03:24.74]This government immediately set out
[03:28.02]to develop a provisional(temporary) constitution.
[03:31.52]However, by February of 1912,
[03:36.67]Sun resigned as president to give way
[03:39.18]to Yuan Shikai,
[03:41.59]who brought with him
[03:43.45]a lot of support from the north,
[03:45.09]which provided the opportunity
[03:46.95]to unify¹⁵ greater parts of China.
[03:50.12]Also in 1912, the United League of China
[03:55.59]set up the Kuomingtang (KMT),
[03:58.00]the National Party of China.
[04:01.61]Yuan Shikai, in the meantime
[04:05.44]betrayed the republic and Sun's trust,
[04:08.50]by attempting to set himself up as a dictator.
[04:12.55]Sun immediately proceeded in pursuit of Yuan
[04:16.93]but was unsuccessful and
[04:19.44]had to go into exile in Japan.
[04:22.18]In 1924, the Kuomingtang convened¹⁶
[04:27.65]at Guangzhou to establish three principles
[04:31.15]to solidify¹⁷ and strengthen the republic
[04:34.10]and to unify the rest of China.
[04:37.05]These principles included
[04:40.34]developing an alliance with Russia,
[04:42.52]helping farmers, workers, and bourgeoisie,
[04:46.25]and recommending a national conference
[04:49.20]to end the brutal¹⁸, unequal treaties
[04:52.37]imposed by foreign nations.
[04:54.34]The result was “the Declaration of Beijing”,
[04:59.05]the last official act of Dr. Sun Yat-sen
[05:03.42]before liver cancer took his life
[05:06.37]in March of 1925.
[05:09.00]Sun Yat-sen was widely mourned
[05:12.83]as tributes came in from all over.
[05:15.45]Many intellectuals saw Sun as a man of action,
[05:20.20]a pragmatist, and not as a great intellectual.
[05:24.36]Throughout his life,
[05:26.93]he was not above contradicting his own principles,
[05:30.76]or tolerating opposing views
[05:33.60]or parties to further his cause.
[05:36.11]For Sun, during these turbulent times,
[05:40.16]the end sometimes did seem to justify¹⁹ the means.
[05:44.43] His philosophy changed, over time,
[05:48.26]to meet changing needs.
[05:50.45]For many academics, Sun's career
[05:54.72]was not seen as the making of a myth,
[05:56.57]but as a real man
[05:58.43]dealing with real complex realities of his time.
[06:02.59]His presence, inside and outside of China,
[06:06.75]dominated Chinese history during the late 19th
[06:11.34]and early 20th centuries.
[06:13.09]He adopted and tailored western ideas
[06:17.25]to the Chinese experience,
[06:19.33]in order to create his vision of a new China.
[06:22.72]Many academics also felt that
[06:26.99]Sun's western experiences greatly influenced his work
[06:31.25]and contributed to his predominant place
[06:33.99]in Chinese and world history.
[06:36.61]Before he died, he stated that
[06:40.11]the whole nation had to be awakened²⁰
[06:42.52]and united with those
[06:44.05]who treated them equally,
[06:45.92]and fight side by side with them.
[06:48.87]Sun Yat-sen had received the respect
[06:53.03]of people throughout the world,
[06:54.56]even from non-communist sources.
[06:57.95]In China, he became a legend.
[07:01.01]When the Kuomingtang and
[07:04.29]the Communists split in 1927,
[07:07.14]both claimed to be heirs of his work.
[07:10.09]No one can deny Sun Yat-sen his rightful place,
[07:15.02]not only in Chinese history
[07:17.64]but also in world history.
[07:19.83]He truly deserves the title
[07:22.46]and honour of Father of the Chinese Revolution.
 

1 eliciting   

n. 诱发, 引出 动词elicit的现在分词形式

参考例句：

• He succeeded in eliciting the information he needed from her. 他从她那里问出了他所需要的信息。
• A criminal trial isn't a tribunal for eliciting the truth. 刑事审讯并非是一种要探明真相的审判。

2 sneak   

vt.潜行(隐藏,填石缝)；偷偷摸摸做；n.潜行；adj.暗中进行

参考例句：

• He raised his spear and sneak forward.他提起长矛悄悄地前进。
• I saw him sneak away from us.我看见他悄悄地从我们身边走开。

3 portrayed   

v.画像( portray的过去式和过去分词 )；描述；描绘；描画

参考例句：

• Throughout the trial, he portrayed himself as the victim. 在审讯过程中，他始终把自己说成是受害者。
• The author portrayed his father as a vicious drunkard. 作者把他父亲描绘成一个可恶的酒鬼。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

4 celebrity   

n.名人，名流；著名，名声，名望

参考例句：

• Tom found himself something of a celebrity. 汤姆意识到自己已小有名气了。
• He haunted famous men, hoping to get celebrity for himself. 他常和名人在一起, 希望借此使自己获得名气。

5 enroll   

v.招收；登记；入学；参军；成为会员（英)enrol

参考例句：

• I should like to enroll all my children in the swimming class.我愿意让我的孩子们都参加游泳班。
• They enroll him as a member of the club.他们吸收他为俱乐部会员。

6 realization   

n.实现；认识到，深刻了解

参考例句：

• We shall gladly lend every effort in our power toward its realization.我们将乐意为它的实现而竭尽全力。
• He came to the realization that he would never make a good teacher.他逐渐认识到自己永远不会成为好老师。

7 doctrine   

n.教义；主义；学说

参考例句：

• He was impelled to proclaim his doctrine.他不得不宣扬他的教义。
• The council met to consider changes to doctrine.宗教议会开会考虑更改教义。

8 livelihood   

n.生计，谋生之道

参考例句：

• Appropriate arrangements will be made for their work and livelihood.他们的工作和生活会得到妥善安排。
• My father gained a bare livelihood of family by his own hands.父亲靠自己的双手勉强维持家计。

9 initially   

adv.最初，开始

参考例句：

• The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
• Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。

10 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

11 guardianship   

n. 监护, 保护, 守护

参考例句：

• They had to employ the English language in face of the jealous guardianship of Britain. 他们不得不在英国疑忌重重的监护下使用英文。
• You want Marion to set aside her legal guardianship and give you Honoria. 你要马丽恩放弃她的法定监护人资格，把霍诺丽娅交给你。

12 permeate   

v.弥漫，遍布，散布；渗入，渗透

参考例句：

• Water will easily permeate a cotton dress.水很容易渗透棉布衣服。
• After a while it begins to permeate through your skin.过了一会，它会开始渗入你的皮肤。

13 overthrow   

v.推翻，打倒，颠覆；n.推翻，瓦解，颠覆

参考例句：

• After the overthrow of the government,the country was in chaos.政府被推翻后，这个国家处于混乱中。
• The overthrow of his plans left him much discouraged.他的计划的失败使得他很气馁。

14 interim   

adj.暂时的，临时的；n.间歇，过渡期间

参考例句：

• The government is taking interim measures to help those in immediate need.政府正在采取临时措施帮助那些有立即需要的人。
• It may turn out to be an interim technology.这可能只是个过渡技术。

15 unify   

vt.使联合，统一；使相同，使一致

参考例句：

• How can we unify such scattered islands into a nation?我们怎么才能把如此分散的岛屿统一成一个国家呢？
• It is difficult to imagine how the North and South could ever agree on a formula to unify the divided peninsula.很难想象南北双方在统一半岛的方案上究竟怎样才能达成一致。

16 convened   

召开( convene的过去式 )； 召集； （为正式会议而）聚集； 集合

参考例句：

• The chairman convened the committee to put the issue to a vote. 主席召集委员们开会对这个问题进行表决。
• The governor convened his troops to put down the revolt. 总督召集他的部队去镇压叛乱。

17 solidify   

v.(使)凝固，(使)固化，(使)团结

参考例句：

• Opinion on this question began to solidify.对这个问题的意见开始具体化了。
• Water will solidify into ice if you freeze it.水冷冻会结冰。

18 brutal   

adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的

参考例句：

• She has to face the brutal reality.她不得不去面对冷酷的现实。
• They're brutal people behind their civilised veneer.他们表面上温文有礼，骨子里却是野蛮残忍。

19 justify   

vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护

参考例句：

• He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses.他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。
• Can you justify your rude behavior to me?你能向我证明你的粗野行为是有道理的吗？

20 awakened   

v.（使）醒( awaken的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）觉醒；弄醒；（使）意识到

参考例句：

• She awakened to the sound of birds singing. 她醒来听到鸟的叫声。
• The public has been awakened to the full horror of the situation. 公众完全意识到了这一状况的可怕程度。 来自《简明英汉词典》