GRE精华句型让你的作文避免雷同

 　　Argument句型

　　开头

　　In this analysis, the arguer claims that … should … To substantiate¹ the conclusion, the arguer cites the example of … where … In addition, the arguer assumes that … This argument is unconvincing for several critical flaws.

　　正文：

　　For instance … since … what’s more … etc.

　　and how well it represented the public opinions..

　　The sample of the survey is not representative.

　　(样本太小)

　　the sample is too small to...

　　(光数字没比例)

　　the ratio of four to six

　　there is only figures but no proportion of the survey 还是ratio?

　　Insufficient² Sample

　　If the [respondents] only stand for a tiny proportion of the whole [group], we should not be so sure about the conclusion that [the whole group…]

　　The arguer commits a fallacy of hasty generalization³.

　　It was only carried out in Sun City, but the arguer applies its result to all the company’s markets while doesn’t show us whether Sun City is a representative market of the whole markets.

　　有的病人会对抗生素过敏

　　the arguer commits a fallacy of hasty generalization. Even if the maintenance of the airline has been improved as a result of sending its mechanics to the Seminar, which is, of course, an unwarranted assumption, it does not follow that就算怎样，也不怎样

　　The survey is based on two isolated⁴ examples. The arguer should survey more hospitals of both types.

　　循环假设

　　The arguer commits a fallacy of begging the question in assuming that …

　　结尾：

　　other possible causes of the …

　　To conclude, this argument is not persuasive⁵ as it stands.

　　应注意以下几点：

　　1.在观点上要具有洞察力，要有自己的原创特色。

　　观点是GRE作文考试的核心内容，考察考生能否对一个issue进行深入分析与思考并最终提出一个有层次的观点。有了原创观点就不用担心雷同。我这样说也许有有点像让快饿死的人去吃肉粥。如果真的要借鉴范文观点，我建议应该尽可能做一些调整，以避免第二个雷区。或者干脆在文中讲明这个思路是借鉴了哪一本参考书的。美国人对真小人比对伪君子要宽容。

　　2.绝对不能照抄原文。

　　在语言上可以使用一些范文的句式，但是绝对不能照抄原文，而是要换掉一些关键词。或者如果要借用关键词，则必须使用别的句式。

　　3.在结构上可以采取声东击西的策略。

　　比如把北美范文用在120题的结构和破题策略用在210题上。

　　4.可以引用范文例证。

　　在例证方面，使用范文用过的例证没有问题，哪怕用那些被判雷同的例证也没问题。例证是人类的共同知识，谁都可以使用，关键是我们不能用和范文作者同样的思路和语言来诠释例证并展开类似的论证。

　　因此，越是耳熟能详的例证如牛顿与苹果树、爱迪生孵蛋，要写出原创的内容就越困难，雷同的危险就越大。

1 substantiate   

v.证实；证明...有根据

参考例句：

• There is little scientific evidence to substantiate the claims.这些主张几乎找不到科学依据来证实。
• These theories are used to substantiate the relationship between the phenomenons of the universe.这些学说是用来证实宇宙现象之间的关系。

2 insufficient   

adj.(for，of)不足的，不够的

参考例句：

• There was insufficient evidence to convict him.没有足够证据给他定罪。
• In their day scientific knowledge was insufficient to settle the matter.在他们的时代，科学知识还不能足以解决这些问题。

3 generalization   

n.普遍性，一般性，概括

参考例句：

• This sweeping generalization is the law of conservation of energy.这一透彻的概括就是能量守恒定律。
• The evaluation of conduct involves some amount of generalization.对操行的评价会含有一些泛泛之论。

4 isolated   

adj.与世隔绝的

参考例句：

• His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. 他的不良行为只是个别事件。
• Patients with the disease should be isolated. 这种病的患者应予以隔离。

5 persuasive   

adj.有说服力的，能说得使人相信的

参考例句：

• His arguments in favour of a new school are very persuasive.他赞成办一座新学校的理由很有说服力。
• The evidence was not really persuasive enough.证据并不是太有说服力。