issue写作优秀实例：法律灵活性

 　　新gre作文写作考察考生完成题目过程中是否能够融合批判性思维和分析写作能力，以下是gre考试写作部分issue的优秀写作实例，通过这些优秀范文或是习作，考生可以借鉴里面的短语、句子或思路，给自己的写作找一些思路和灵感。

　　题目：

　　Laws should not be stationary¹ and fixed². Instead, they should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places.

　　法律不应该是僵化或固定的，而应该根据不同的环境、时期和地点而足够灵活。

　　正文：

　　Should laws be stable and fixed or be flexible in taking consideration of various factors such as circumstances, times and places? The speaker concludes that instead of being stationary, laws should be constantly changing. The speaker’s claim have merits in declaring that law should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances since adaptation to changing social environment is how the law properly guard the function of social engine and the general welfare of people as a whole. But to some extent, we would not go too much in neglecting to importance of the stability of laws because they are the principles we adhere to in our daily life, if changed too abruptly³ and constantly, will result in egregious⁴ chaos⁵ and confusion.

　　Keeping stability, consistency⁶ of laws is indispensable in helping⁷ people to make prediction of the consequence of their behaviors and figure out the legal obligation and rights exerted upon them by the legal system. In the personal level, consistency of laws defines the properness and legality of their doings and thus endows people with sense of security and good citizenship⁸. If as the speaker claimed that laws should never be stationary or fixed, people face the threat of being constantly threw into turbid⁹ mud of bewilderment and insecurity and finally lose their sight in how to adapt to sudden alternation of in this aspect or another. Another example that aptly illustrates¹⁰ this is in the field of business. As we know, the ultimate goal of a business is to maximize its profit of shareholders¹¹ within the framework of laws to define that a enterprises function within this framework, obey its obligation and hamper¹² no interest of the general welfare of the society. In order for a enterprises to thrive, it must carefully study the relevant business laws, including anti-dumping law and torts, etc.Given the choice, most leaders are unwilling¹³ to see the prospect¹⁴ that laws are constantly changing since it takes time and effort to build a well-defined frames within companies and overthrow¹⁵ established practice and code would demand another round of revising and reevaluation.

　　On the other hand, we should observe that laws are by no means fixed principles that are deprived of any emendation. History is filled with examples that laws changed over different circumstances, time and places. Take the right of inheritance as an example;heirs were confined to the eldest¹⁶ sons that were later revised to include other sons and daughters as well. This is a remarkable¹⁷ social advance since this manifest that women began to be bestowed¹⁸ with the equal right of receive (property or a title, for example) from an ancestor by legal succession or will. What is more, in the field of criminal law,there used to exist a practice of implication, which demonstrate that not only an individual criminal should take account for his own wrongdoing, but also his relatives or even neighborhood will be passively implicated¹⁹ in the lawsuit²⁰ or punishment. Today,this practice has been reversed to assert that criminal himself should be solely²¹ responsible for his misdeed and nobody, no matter how close they are, without participating into his act by any means, should be exonerate²² of any indictment²³. We should still remember that once in a while, there are a way of judgment²⁴ called ordeal²⁵ judgment which means that the most prestigious²⁶ elders in a village use some superstition²⁷ to judge whether a person is guilt²⁸ or not. With the time goes by, we gradually realize the absurdity²⁹ and irrationality³⁰ involved in this kind of law and the result is, this practice become obsolete³¹ and nobody believe that it will transfer judgment, fairness from supernatural power. We would see clearly that each step that moves forward in law is a vivid reflection of how a society progresses and marches. We are aiming at justice, equality and fairness that best characterize any laws which would hardly achieved without amending³² their content according to the changed social background and people’s ideology³³.

　　To sum up, I am in favor of the speaker’s latter part of claim since laws are rules of conduct or procedure established by custom, agreement, or authority and with the change of social background, laws have to be revised to cater³⁴ for these changes. But in asserting that laws would never be fixed is problematic because stability and consistency should never be a minor³⁵ point to be overlooked in a legal system. A combination of these two aspects would seem ideal to instill fresh blood and at the same time keep proper pace and rhythm of the overall system.

 

1 stationary   

adj.固定的，静止不动的

参考例句：

• A stationary object is easy to be aimed at.一个静止不动的物体是容易瞄准的。
• Wait until the bus is stationary before you get off.你要等公共汽车停稳了再下车。

2 fixed   

adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的

参考例句：

• Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？
• Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。

3 abruptly   

adv.突然地，出其不意地

参考例句：

• He gestured abruptly for Virginia to get in the car.他粗鲁地示意弗吉尼亚上车。
• I was abruptly notified that a half-hour speech was expected of me.我突然被通知要讲半个小时的话。

4 egregious   

adj.非常的，过分的

参考例句：

• When it comes to blatant lies,there are none more egregious than budget figures.谈到公众谎言，没有比预算数字更令人震惊的。
• What an egregious example was here!现摆着一个多么触目惊心的例子啊。

5 chaos   

n.混乱，无秩序

参考例句：

• After the failure of electricity supply the city was in chaos.停电后，城市一片混乱。
• The typhoon left chaos behind it.台风后一片混乱。

6 consistency   

n.一贯性，前后一致，稳定性；(液体的)浓度

参考例句：

• Your behaviour lacks consistency.你的行为缺乏一贯性。
• We appreciate the consistency and stability in China and in Chinese politics.我们赞赏中国及其政策的连续性和稳定性。

7 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

8 citizenship   

n.市民权，公民权，国民的义务(身份)

参考例句：

• He was born in Sweden,but he doesn't have Swedish citizenship.他在瑞典出生，但没有瑞典公民身分。
• Ten years later,she chose to take Australian citizenship.十年后，她选择了澳大利亚国籍。

9 turbid   

adj.混浊的，泥水的，浓的

参考例句：

• He found himself content to watch idly the sluggish flow of the turbid stream.他心安理得地懒洋洋地望着混浊的河水缓缓流着。
• The lake's water is turbid.这个湖里的水混浊。

10 illustrates   

给…加插图( illustrate的第三人称单数 )； 说明； 表明； （用示例、图画等）说明

参考例句：

• This historical novel illustrates the breaking up of feudal society in microcosm. 这部历史小说是走向崩溃的封建社会的缩影。
• Alfred Adler, a famous doctor, had an experience which illustrates this. 阿尔弗莱德 - 阿德勒是一位著名的医生，他有过可以说明这点的经历。 来自中级百科部分

11 shareholders   

n.股东( shareholder的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders. 90%的股东出席了会议。
• the company's fiduciary duty to its shareholders 公司对股东负有的受托责任

12 hamper   

vt.妨碍，束缚，限制；n.(有盖的)大篮子

参考例句：

• There are some apples in a picnic hamper.在野餐用的大篮子里有许多苹果。
• The emergence of such problems seriously hamper the development of enterprises.这些问题的出现严重阻碍了企业的发展。

13 unwilling   

adj.不情愿的

参考例句：

• The natives were unwilling to be bent by colonial power.土著居民不愿受殖民势力的摆布。
• His tightfisted employer was unwilling to give him a raise.他那吝啬的雇主不肯给他加薪。

14 prospect   

n.前景，前途；景色，视野

参考例句：

• This state of things holds out a cheerful prospect.事态呈现出可喜的前景。
• The prospect became more evident.前景变得更加明朗了。

15 overthrow   

v.推翻，打倒，颠覆；n.推翻，瓦解，颠覆

参考例句：

• After the overthrow of the government,the country was in chaos.政府被推翻后，这个国家处于混乱中。
• The overthrow of his plans left him much discouraged.他的计划的失败使得他很气馁。

16 eldest   

adj.最年长的，最年老的

参考例句：

• The King's eldest son is the heir to the throne.国王的长子是王位的继承人。
• The castle and the land are entailed on the eldest son.城堡和土地限定由长子继承。

17 remarkable   

adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的

参考例句：

• She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
• These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。

18 bestowed   

赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• It was a title bestowed upon him by the king. 那是国王赐给他的头衔。
• He considered himself unworthy of the honour they had bestowed on him. 他认为自己不配得到大家赋予他的荣誉。

19 implicated   

adj.密切关联的；牵涉其中的

参考例句：

• These groups are very strongly implicated in the violence. 这些组织与这起暴力事件有着极大的关联。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Having the stolen goods in his possession implicated him in the robbery. 因藏有赃物使他涉有偷盗的嫌疑。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

20 lawsuit   

n.诉讼，控诉

参考例句：

• They threatened him with a lawsuit.他们以诉讼威逼他。
• He was perpetually involving himself in this long lawsuit.他使自己无休止地卷入这场长时间的诉讼。

21 solely   

adv.仅仅，唯一地

参考例句：

• Success should not be measured solely by educational achievement.成功与否不应只用学业成绩来衡量。
• The town depends almost solely on the tourist trade.这座城市几乎完全靠旅游业维持。

22 exonerate   

v.免除责任，确定无罪

参考例句：

• Nothing can exonerate her from that.任何解释都难辞其咎。
• There is no reason to exonerate him from the ordinary duties of a citizen.没有理由免除他做公民应尽的义务。

23 indictment   

n.起诉；诉状

参考例句：

• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。
• They issued an indictment against them.他们起诉了他们。

24 judgment   

n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见

参考例句：

• The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
• He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。

25 ordeal   

n.苦难经历，（尤指对品格、耐力的）严峻考验

参考例句：

• She managed to keep her sanity throughout the ordeal.在那场磨难中她始终保持神志正常。
• Being lost in the wilderness for a week was an ordeal for me.在荒野里迷路一星期对我来说真是一场磨难。

26 prestigious   

adj.有威望的，有声望的，受尊敬的

参考例句：

• The young man graduated from a prestigious university.这个年轻人毕业于一所名牌大学。
• You may even join a prestigious magazine as a contributing editor.甚至可能会加入一个知名杂志做编辑。

27 superstition   

n.迷信，迷信行为

参考例句：

• It's a common superstition that black cats are unlucky.认为黑猫不吉祥是一种很普遍的迷信。
• Superstition results from ignorance.迷信产生于无知。

28 guilt   

n.犯罪；内疚；过失，罪责

参考例句：

• She tried to cover up her guilt by lying.她企图用谎言掩饰自己的罪行。
• Don't lay a guilt trip on your child about schoolwork.别因为功课责备孩子而使他觉得很内疚。

29 absurdity   

n.荒谬，愚蠢；谬论

参考例句：

• The proposal borders upon the absurdity.这提议近乎荒谬。
• The absurdity of the situation made everyone laugh.情况的荒谬可笑使每个人都笑了。

30 irrationality   

n. 不合理，无理性

参考例句：

• Such stoppages as are observed in practice are thus attributed to mistakes or even irrationality. 在实际情况中看到的这些停工，要归因于失误或甚至是非理性的东西。
• For all its harshness and irrationality, it is the only world we've got. 尽管它严酷而又不合理，它终究是我们具有的唯一的世界。

31 obsolete   

adj.已废弃的，过时的

参考例句：

• These goods are obsolete and will not fetch much on the market.这些货品过时了，在市场上卖不了高价。
• They tried to hammer obsolete ideas into the young people's heads.他们竭力把陈旧思想灌输给青年。

32 amending   

改良，修改，修订( amend的现在分词 )； 改良，修改，修订( amend的第三人称单数 )( amends的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Amending acts in 1933,1934, and 1935 attempted to help honest debtors rehabilitate themselves. 一九三三年，一九三四年和一九三五年通过的修正案是为了帮助诚实的债务人恢复自己的地位。
• Two ways were used about the error-amending of contour curve. 采用两种方法对凸轮轮廓曲线进行了修正。

33 ideology   

n.意识形态，(政治或社会的)思想意识

参考例句：

• The ideology has great influence in the world.这种思想体系在世界上有很大的影响。
• The ideal is to strike a medium between ideology and inspiration.我的理想是在意识思想和灵感鼓动之间找到一个折衷。

34 cater   

vi.(for/to)满足，迎合；(for)提供饮食及服务

参考例句：

• I expect he will be able to cater for your particular needs.我预计他能满足你的特殊需要。
• Most schools cater for children of different abilities.大多数学校能够满足具有不同天资的儿童的需要。

35 minor   

adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修

参考例句：

• The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
• I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。