托福写作素材：种树与保护环境

 　　新托福写作范文素材：种树与保护环境

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　　While you probably think about planting trees for Arbor¹ Day, you may not know justhow much of an impact tree planting can have on your lawn and energy consumption as well as the environment.

　　Trees can provide shade for your home and lawn as well as a barrier against cold winter winds. They also filter water and air to reduce soil erosion and greenhouse gases. And did you know that trees have also been shown to reduce stress? Manyurban residents find themselves calmer and happier when they are around trees.

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　　Energy-saving benefits of planting trees

　　According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, a young, healthy tree can provide a net cooling effect equivalent to ten room-sized air conditioners operating for 20 hours a day! While it will take a few years for a newly planted sapling to reach the point where it can cast shade on your home, it’s a relatively² low-cost investment, and you’ll find it’s worth the wait.

　　Dr. E. Greg McPherson of the Center for Urban Forest Research says that a new tree planted on the western side of your home will reduce your energy bill by about three percent in five years and by close to 12 percent in 15 years. Plus, shade isn’t the only way planting trees can reduce your family’s energy consumption. Trees located on the north and northwest sides of your home can block frigid³ winter winds and lower your heating bill.

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　　Benefit of trees on the environment

　　While planting trees can certainly have a positive impact on your energy bill, sustainable gardening can also positively⁴ impact the environment. Trees absorb greenhouse gases like nitrogen dioxide, sulfur⁵ dioxide, ozone⁶, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. They also convert carbon dioxide to oxygen through photosynthesis⁷.Wondering how that relates to you? Just one tree can clean about 330 pounds of carbon dioxide from the air each year, according to the U.S. Forest Service, which provides enough oxygen for a family of four!

　　One of the reasons planting new trees is seen as sustainable gardening is because they act as air and water filters. In a study conducted by the USDA, it was found that trees were able to remove more than 1,800 metric tons of air pollution from New York City. The roots filter groundwater and control run off and erosion by holding soil in place. They also cool down the air, and not just with shade. The transpiration⁸ process they go through releases moisture into the air, producing a cooling effect.

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　　Maintaining your trees and lawn

　　Trees are beneficial to the aesthetics⁹ of your lawn, your home’s energy bill, and your family’s overall health. For all these reasons, it’s important to properly maintain your trees and the soil they grow in. You don’t want to over-shape new trees or prune¹⁰ too much when you first plant them, but you will have a much healthier tree if you trim back dead branches over the years. There are several options when it comes tooutdoor power equipment to maintain the trees you’ve planted. Chainsaws and pole saws are great choices for cutting down large limbs. They also work well for pruning¹¹, whether you need to allow for new growth or prevent branches from hitting obstacles like houses or power lines. There are even battery-operated, cordless saws available to reduce your carbon footprint even further.

　　The shade from the trees you’ve planted will help improve water conservation, so you’ll maintain a lush and green lawn with very little maintenance. However, you should still mow¹² high and often, to avoid roots and promote new grass growth, being especially careful around the base of your trees. You may even want to spread mulch and compost to the drip line and maintain the edge with a string trimmer.

　　新托福写作范文素材摘抄：

　　how much of an impact tree planting can have on your lawn and energy consumption：

　　植树多大程度上影响你的草坪和能源消耗

　　provide shade for ：提供阴凉

　　a barrier against cold winter winds：对寒冷的冬天风来说就是个屏障also filter water and air to reduce soil erosion and greenhouse gases：同时过滤水和空气减少土壤侵蚀和温室气体urban residents find themselves calmer and happier when they are around trees.

　　城市居民发现自己平静快乐的时候周围的树木。

　　healthy tree can provide a net cooling effect ：

　　健康的树可以提供净冷却效果

　　low-cost investment：

　　低成本投资

　　it’s worth the wait. 等待是值得的

　　Center for Urban Forest Research ：城市森林研究中心reduce your energy bill ：减少你的能源账单can reduce your family’s energy consumption：可以减少你的家庭的能源消耗block frigid winter winds：阻挡寒冷的冬季风lower your heating bill. 降低你的取暖费用。

　　While planting trees can certainly have a positive impact on your energy bill, sustainable gardening can also positively impact the environment. Trees absorb greenhouse gases like nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. They also convert carbon dioxide to oxygen through photosynthesis.

　　虽然植树肯定对你的能源账单有正向的影响, 响可持续园艺也可以积极影响环境。树木吸收温室气体如二氧化氮、二氧化硫、臭氧、二氧化碳和一氧化碳。他们还通过光合作用将二氧化碳转化为氧气。

　　act as air and water filters：作为空气和水过滤器The roots filter groundwater and control run off and erosion by holding soil in place.

　　根过滤地下水、通过保持土壤来控制流失和侵蚀。

　　cool down the air： 冷却空气

　　The transpiration process they go through releases moisture into the air, producing a cooling effect.

　　蒸腾过程中,他们通过向空中释放水分,产生冷却效果。

　　are beneficial to the aesthetics of： 美学是有益的to properly maintain your trees and the soil they grow in：妥善维护你的树木和它们成长的土壤maintain a lush and green lawn with very little maintenance：用很少的成本维持一个郁郁葱葱的绿色草坪improve water conservation：有助于节约用水Citation:

　　http://life.gaiam.com/article/plant-future-benefits-planting-trees-your-yard新托福写作范文素材适用题目：

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Though modern agricultural practices damage the environment, feeding the world’s growing population is more important than protecting against environmental damage.

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Governments should focus more on preservation¹³ of environment rather than economic development.

 

1 arbor   

n.凉亭；树木

参考例句：

• They sat in the arbor and chatted over tea.他们坐在凉亭里，边喝茶边聊天。
• You may have heard of Arbor Day at school.你可能在学校里听过植树节。

2 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

3 frigid   

adj.寒冷的，凛冽的；冷淡的；拘禁的

参考例句：

• The water was too frigid to allow him to remain submerged for long.水冰冷彻骨，他在下面呆不了太长时间。
• She returned his smile with a frigid glance.对他的微笑她报以冷冷的一瞥。

4 positively   

adv.明确地，断然，坚决地；实在，确实

参考例句：

• She was positively glowing with happiness.她满脸幸福。
• The weather was positively poisonous.这天气着实讨厌。

5 sulfur   

n.硫，硫磺（=sulphur）

参考例句：

• Sulfur emissions from steel mills become acid rain.炼钢厂排放出的硫形成了酸雨。
• Burning may produce sulfur oxides.燃烧可能会产生硫氧化物。

6 ozone   

n.臭氧，新鲜空气

参考例句：

• The ozone layer is a protective layer around the planet Earth.臭氧层是地球的保护层。
• The capacity of ozone can adjust according of requirement.臭氧的产量可根据需要或调节。

7 photosynthesis   

n.光合作用

参考例句：

• In apple trees photosynthesis occurs almost exclusively in the leaves.苹果树的光合作用几乎只发生在叶内。
• Chloroplasts are the structures in which photosynthesis happens.叶绿体就是光合作用发生的地方。

8 transpiration   

n.蒸发

参考例句：

• These analyses depend on a number of potentially confounding factors such as nonstomatal transpiration and temperature. 这些分析取决于非气孔蒸腾和温度这样一些可能混淆的因素。
• Loss of water also includes the transpiration of water to the atmosphere from plants. 水的散失也包括从植物体中蒸腾到大气层中的水。

9 aesthetics   

n.(尤指艺术方面之)美学，审美学

参考例句：

• Sometimes, of course, our markings may be simply a matter of aesthetics. 当然，有时我们的标点符号也许只是个审美的问题。 来自名作英译部分
• The field of aesthetics presents an especially difficult problem to the historian. 美学领域向历史学家提出了一个格外困难的问题。

10 prune   

n.酶干；vt.修剪，砍掉，削减；vi.删除

参考例句：

• Will you prune away the unnecessary adjectives in the passage?把这段文字中不必要的形容词删去好吗？
• It is our job to prune the side branches of these trees.我们的工作就是修剪这些树的侧枝。

11 pruning   

n.修枝，剪枝，修剪v.修剪（树木等）( prune的现在分词 )；精简某事物，除去某事物多余的部分

参考例句：

• In writing an essay one must do a lot of pruning. 写文章要下一番剪裁的工夫。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• A sapling needs pruning, a child discipline. 小树要砍，小孩要管。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

12 mow   

v.割（草、麦等），扫射，皱眉；n.草堆，谷物堆

参考例句：

• He hired a man to mow the lawn.他雇人割草。
• We shall have to mow down the tall grass in the big field.我们得把大田里的高草割掉。

13 preservation   

n.保护，维护，保存，保留，保持

参考例句：

• The police are responsible for the preservation of law and order.警察负责维持法律与秩序。
• The picture is in an excellent state of preservation.这幅画保存得极为完好。