英语四级真题阅读长难句分析（11）

英语四级真题阅读长难句分析（11）  38. While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually signifies a course in which the instructors¹ post syllabi² (课程大纲), reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail.(2007年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句主干为 DL signifies a course。主句中的in which引导定语从句，对course进行解释说明，其中instructors和students是并列成分。 While意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句；从句中的offered 为过去分词做后置定语，修饰instruction。

【译文】虽然各个大学提供的网络课程不尽相同，但是远程教学通常会把课程公开，教师会把课程大纲、阅读任务和课程安排上传到网站上，学生们则通过电子邮件提交作业。

39. Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales. (2007年12月)

【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为I offered suggestions。Telling myself…hall为伴随状语，that引导宾语从句；guiding the young writer across the hall为现在分词作后置定语，修饰writer。that 后的从句可改写为I was merely an experienced writer who are guiding the young writer across the hall。

【译文】我一次次地告诫自己，这只是一个有些经验的作家在指导一个小作家成长而已，关于她的故事中的人物、冲突和结尾我都提供了一些建议。

40. While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked. (2007年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为it was a step。While意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。主句中，it指代stepping back，that引导定语从句，that 在从句中作follow的宾语,即a good first step；putting myself far enough away是现在分词作伴随状语，to give her…if asked是目的状语。

【译文】虽然坐视不管对我来说并非易事，但这确实是一个不错的开始。我会继续这样做，让自己和她保持足够的距离，给她空间，但同时又离她很近，以便在她寻求帮助的时候伸出援手。

41. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social issues related to chronic³ pain. (2007年6月)

【分析】本句为并列复合句。句子主干为Not only do we evaluate the cause, but we also help provide therapy。Not only…but also…连接两个并列句，否定词组not only在句首，句子要部分倒装。在第一个分句里，which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰第一个分句，which在从句中作主语。在第二个分句里，related to作后置定语修饰issues。

【译文】我们不仅要找出疼痛的病因，帮助我们更好地治疗；还提供综合疗法，治疗与慢性疼痛相关的抑郁症和其他心理与社交问题。

1 instructors   

指导者，教师( instructor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The instructors were slacking on the job. 教员们对工作松松垮垮。
• He was invited to sit on the rostrum as a representative of extramural instructors. 他以校外辅导员身份，被邀请到主席台上。

2 syllabi   

判决理由书的要旨

参考例句：

3 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。