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英语四级考试具备一定的语法知识也非常重要。下面是小编为大家整理的2014年12月英语四级考试必备语法(1),供各位考生参考。
动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等)
时态
1)现在完成进行时态(have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.
I’ve been writing letters for an hour.
I’ve been sitting in the garden.
2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作
I’d been working for some time when he called.
We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.
3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.
By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.
In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.
4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时已发生的事.
I shall have finished this one before lunch.
They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.
语态
可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:
It was said that he was jealous of her success.
能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.
It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.
The ship is supposed to have been sunk.
担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:
Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制)
双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态
双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.
He was asked a number of questions at the press conference2.
Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.
宾补结构的被动语态:
She was called Big Sister by everybody.
The room was always kept clean and tidy.
短语动词
Vi + adv
The plane took off two hours late.
Vi + prep
Vi + prep (有被动语态)
以上就是2014年12月英语四级考试必备语法(1)的全部内容,希望对大家有所帮助。
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1
jealous
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adj.妒忌的,猜忌的;精心守护的 | |
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2
conference
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n.(正式的)会议;讨论 | |
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3
squad
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n.班,小队,小团体;vt.把…编成班或小组 | |
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4
qualified
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adj.合格的,有资格的,胜任的,有限制的 | |
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5
cathedral
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n.教区总教堂;大教堂 | |
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