英语四级语法基础知识总结1

 　　动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等) 时态

　　1)现在完成进行时态(have/has been + -ing 分词构成):

　　动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.

　　I’ve been writing letters for an hour. I’ve been sitting in the garden.

　　2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成):

　　过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作

　　I’d been working for some time when he called. We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.

　　3)将来完成进行时:

　　将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.

　　By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years. In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.

　　4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成):

　　将来某时已发生的事.

　　I shall have finished this one before lunch. They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October. 语态

　　可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:

　　He was said to be jealous¹ of her success. It was said that he was jealous of her success.

　　能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.

　　It is supposed that the ship has been sunk. The ship is supposed to have been sunk.

　　担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:

　　Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制)

　　双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态 双宾语结构的被动语态:

　　双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.

　　He was asked a number of questions at the press conference². Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.

　　宾补结构的被动语态:

　　She was called Big Sister by everybody. Then he was made a squad³ leader. He was considered quite qualified⁴ for the job. The room was always kept clean and tidy.

　　短语动词 Vi + adv The plane took off two hours late. Vi + prep They looked round the Cathedral⁵. Vi + prep (有被动语态)

　　大家继续加油哦，希望小编为大家准备的这些可以帮到大家。

1 jealous   

adj.妒忌的，猜忌的；精心守护的

参考例句：

• He was jealous when he discovered that she loved someone else.当他发现她爱别人的时候，他吃醋了。
• An honorable Chinese citizen should be jealous of his own rights.一名光荣的中国公民应当珍惜自己的公民权利。

2 conference   

n.（正式的）会议；讨论

参考例句：

• We're having a conference and we'd like you to sit in.我们将举行一次会议，希望你来旁听。
• The conference will come to a close this afternoon.今天下午会议闭幕。

3 squad   

n.班，小队，小团体；vt.把…编成班或小组

参考例句：

• The squad leader ordered the men to mark time.班长命令战士们原地踏步。
• A squad is the smallest unit in an army.班是军队的最小构成单位。

4 qualified   

adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的

参考例句：

• He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
• We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。

5 cathedral   

n.教区总教堂；大教堂

参考例句：

• We visited the magnificent cathedral.我们参观了宏伟的教堂。
• There's a cathedral in the town.镇里有一座大教堂。