英语四级语法备考（7）

 　　would rather do

　　would rather not do

　　would rather… than…　 宁愿……而不愿。

　　还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。

　　If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.

　　I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.

　　典型例题

　　----Shall we go skating or stay at home?

　　----Which ___ do?

　　A. do you rather　　B. would you rather　 C. will you rather　 D. should you rather

　　答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为"宁愿"，本题为疑问句，would 提前，所以选B。

　　1) 表示目的;它的否定式是so as not to do。

　　Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.

　　汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。

　　Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.

　　轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。

　　2)　so kind as to ---劳驾

　　Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?

　　劳驾，现在几点了。

　　二、

　　though, although

　　注意： 当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用

　　Although it‘s raining, they are still working in the field.

　　虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。

　　He is very old, but he still works¹ very hard.

　　虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。

　　Though the sore be healed², yet a scar³ may remain.

　　伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。 (谚语)

　　典型例题

　　1) ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.

　　A. When　B. However　 C. Although　 D. Unless

　　答案：C。意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。

　　2)　as, though 引导的倒装句

　　as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前)。

　　Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.

　　= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.

　　注意： a.　句首名词不能带任何冠词。

　　b.　句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

　　Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily⁴.

　　= Though he tries hard, he never seems…

　　虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。

　　3)　ever if, even though.　即使

　　We‘ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.

　　4) whether…or-　 不管……都

　　Whether you believe it or not, it is true.

　　5)　"no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever"

　　No matter what happened, he would not mind.

　　Whatever happened, he would not mind.

　　替换：no matter what = whatever

　　no matter who = whoever⁵

　　no matter when = whenever

　　no matter where = wherever⁶

　　no matter which = whichever⁷

　　no matter how = however

　　注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。

　　(错)No matter what you say is of no use now.

　　(对)Whatever you say is of no use now.

　　你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句)

　　(错)Prisoners have to eat no matter what they‘re given,

　　(对)Prisoners have to eat whatever they‘re given.　囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。

1 works   

n.作品，著作；工厂，活动部件，机件

参考例句：

• We expect writers to produce more and better works.我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。
• The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。

2 healed   

v.（使）愈合( heal的过去式和过去分词 )；治愈；（使）结束；较容易忍受

参考例句：

• The surgeon healed the soldier's bullet wound in the leg. 医生治好了那位士兵腿部的枪伤。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The doctor applied an unguent to the wound,which speedily healed it. 医生给伤口涂了些油膏，伤口很快就愈合了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 scar   

n.伤疤，伤痕，创伤

参考例句：

• This scar is from the bite of a dog.这是狗咬后留下的伤疤。
• The tragedy left a scar on her mind.这个悲剧给她造成精神上的创伤。

4 satisfactorily   

ad.圆满地

参考例句：

• The relations of friendly cooperation between our two countries are developing satisfactorily. 我们两国的友好合作关系正在令人满意地发展着。
• We cannot yet satisfactorily explain the genesis of the universe. 我们仍不能令人满意地解释宇宙的起源。

5 whoever   

pron.无论谁，不管谁；任何人

参考例句：

• I'll find the person who did this,whoever he is.我要找出干这件事的人，不管他是谁。
• Whoever does best will get the prize.谁做得最出色谁就得奖。

6 wherever   

adv.（究竟）在哪里；conj.无论什么地方，各处，处处

参考例句：

• She used to follow after him wherever he went.以前，他走到哪里，她总是跟到哪里。
• The foolish boy was laughed at wherever he went.这个愚蠢的男孩不论走到哪里都受到讥笑。

7 whichever   

pron.无论哪个，无论哪些；adj.（究竟）哪个，哪些

参考例句：

• Whichever day you come,we will be pleased to see you.无论你哪一天来，我们都很高兴。
• Choose whichever of them you like best.选一个你最喜欢的吧。