怎样突出句子中的重点?

 　　有效的句子要有重点，并且要突出重点。

　　句子的重点可以通过下列方法，加以突出：

　　1. 把重点摆在句首或句尾。

　　一般而论，最显眼的位置是在“句尾，其次是在句首，中间的位置最平淡，乏善可陈。例如：

　　(1) Incorrect grammar and improper¹ construction invariably distract readers'attention.

　　(2) The history of vocabulary is, in many ways, the record of civilisation².

　　把重点放在句尾是种“吊胃口”的方法，读者或听者非得读完或听完整句不可。

　　2. 在复杂句里，把主句放在从句之后。

　　除了名词从句和形容词从句之外，因为它们位置较固定，副词从句中有几种的位置灵活，可以在主句之前出现，也可以跟在主句之后。通常我们就把这样的副词从句提前，重点则放在后头的主句，如(3b)：

　　(3a) I came upon an old classmate when I went to town yesterday.

　　(3b) When I went to town yesterday, I came upon an old classmate.

　　副词短语更是如此，如 (4b):

　　(4a) Steel is commonly used to make knives, razors and other useful tools because of its durability³.

　　(4b) Beacuse of its durability, steel is commonly used to make knives,razers and other useful tools.

　　3. 把较重要或有分量的词语放在后头，如(5b)和(6b)：

　　(5a) I was delighted and amused by the classical opera

　　(5b) I was amused and delighted by the classical opera.

　　(6a) That singer's life was tragic⁴ and brief.

　　(6b) That singer's life was brief and tragic.

　　4. 把句子中一系列的项目作逻辑性的排列。例如：

　　(7) Tony ate his dinner, watched TV, and then went to bed.

　　(8) Were you bored with years of study in elementary school, high school and institute of higher education?

　　5. 必要时，重复重要的语词或概念。

　　例如：

　　(9) Jackie enjoys the company of ladies. He likes their beauty, he likes their delicacy⁵, he likes their vivacity⁶, and he likes their silence.

　　(10) ...the land stretched out without names. Nameless headlands split the surf; nameless lakes reflected the nameless mountains and nameless rivers flowed through nameless valleys and nameless bays.

　　6. 尽量用主动说态，因此(11b)比(11a)好：

　　(11a) A pedestrian was struck on the head by a flying stone.

　　(11b) A flying stone struck a pedestrian on the head.

　　7. 适当时候，可用倒装句和平行句，如：

　　(12) Seven dwarfs⁷ lived here in the centre of the dark forest. → Here, in the centre of the dark forest lived seven dwarfs.

　　(13) Severity breeds fear; roughness breeds hatred⁸.

　　(14) Honesty recommends that I speak; self-interest demands that I remain silent.

1 improper   

adj.不适当的，不合适的，不正确的，不合礼仪的

参考例句：

• Short trousers are improper at a dance.舞会上穿短裤不成体统。
• Laughing and joking are improper at a funeral.葬礼时大笑和开玩笑是不合适的。

2 civilisation   

n.文明，文化，开化，教化

参考例句：

• Energy and ideas are the twin bases of our civilisation.能源和思想是我们文明的两大基石。
• This opera is one of the cultural totems of Western civilisation.这部歌剧是西方文明的文化标志物之一。

3 durability   

n.经久性，耐用性

参考例句：

• Nylons have the virtue of durability.尼龙丝袜有耐穿的优点。

4 tragic   

adj.悲剧的，悲剧性的，悲惨的

参考例句：

• The effect of the pollution on the beaches is absolutely tragic.污染海滩后果可悲。
• Charles was a man doomed to tragic issues.查理是个注定不得善终的人。

5 delicacy   

n.精致，细微，微妙，精良；美味，佳肴

参考例句：

• We admired the delicacy of the craftsmanship.我们佩服工艺师精巧的手艺。
• He sensed the delicacy of the situation.他感觉到了形势的微妙。

6 vivacity   

n.快活，活泼，精神充沛

参考例句：

• Her charm resides in her vivacity.她的魅力存在于她的活泼。
• He was charmed by her vivacity and high spirits.她的活泼与兴高采烈的情绪把他迷住了。

7 dwarfs   

n.侏儒，矮子（dwarf的复数形式）vt.（使）显得矮小（dwarf的第三人称单数形式）

参考例句：

• Shakespeare dwarfs other dramatists. 莎士比亚使其他剧作家相形见绌。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The new building dwarfs all the other buildings in the town. 新大楼使城里所有其他建筑物都显得矮小了。 来自辞典例句

8 hatred   

n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨

参考例句：

• He looked at me with hatred in his eyes.他以憎恨的眼光望着我。
• The old man was seized with burning hatred for the fascists.老人对法西斯主义者充满了仇恨。