双语文摘：研究发现长期缺觉没法补

 　　Sleeping in on Saturday after a few weeks of too little shuteye may feel refreshing¹, but it can give a false sense of security.

　　New research shows chronic² sleep loss cannot be cured that easily. Scientists teased apart the effects of short- and long-term sleep loss and found that the chronically³ sleep-deprived may function normally soon after waking up, but experience steadily⁴ slower reaction times as the day wears on, even if they had tried to catch up the previous night.更多信息请访问：http://www.24en.com/

　　It is work with important safety implications in an increasingly busy society, not just for shift-workers but for the roughly one in six Americans who regularly get six hours or less of sleep a night.

　　"We know that staying awake 24 hours in a row impairs⁵ performance to a level comparable to a blood-alcohol content beyond the legal limit to drive," said lead researcher Dr. Daniel Cohen of Boston's Brigham and Women's Hospital.

　　But when the chronically sleep-deprived pull an all-nighter, "the deterioration⁶ is increased tenfold," Cohen said.

　　The National Institutes of Health says adults need seven hours to nine hours of sleep for good health. Regularly getting too little increases the risk of health problems, including memory impairment and a weakened immune system. More immediately, too little sleep affects reaction times; sleepiness is to blame for car crashes and other accidents.

　　The new work shows how two different sleep drives impact the brain, one during the normal waking hours and the other over days and weeks of sleep loss.

　　It has critically important ramifications⁷ for anyone who works "crazy hours" and thinks they are performing fine with a few hours of weeknight sleep, said Shelby Freedman Harris, behavioral sleep-medicine director at New York's Montefiore Medical Center, who was not involved with the new research.

　　"Don't think you can just bank up your sleep on the weekend, because it doesn't work that way," Harris warned.

　　在一连几个星期睡眠不足的情况下，到了周六睡个懒觉可能会让你感到神清气爽，但这会给你一种错误的安全感。

　　最新研究表明，长期缺觉没那么容易补回来。科学家分别对短期和长期缺觉的影响进行了研究，发现长期缺觉的人在醒来后可能可以很快进入正常状态，但在当天之后，反应速度会逐渐变慢，即便他们试图补回前一夜缺的睡眠。

　　在如今日益繁忙的社会，这项研究具有重要的安全警示意义，不仅对于那些需要倒班的人来说如此，对于那些每晚睡眠不足六小时的六分之一美国人来说也一样。

　　该研究负责人、波士顿布莱根女子医院的丹尼尔?科恩博士说：“我们知道，一连24小时不睡觉会影响你做各种事情的表现，这种影响相当于在饮酒过量时驾车。”

　　但如果长期缺觉的人彻夜不眠，“这种影响会增加十倍”。

　　美国国立卫生研究院说，成年人每天需要七至九个小时的睡眠才可保持身体健康。长期缺觉会增加患病风险，包括对记忆力的损害和免疫能力下降。更直接的影响是，睡眠不足会影响反应速度，开车时打瞌睡是导致撞车等事故的主要原因。

　　这项新的研究揭示了两种不同的睡眠驱力是如何对大脑产生影响的，一种是在正常清醒的状态下，另一种是在连续几天或几个星期缺觉的情况下。

　　纽约蒙特费尔医疗中心的行为睡眠医学主任谢尔比?弗里德曼?哈里斯说，这项研究对于那些玩命工作，却还认为每天睡几个小时也能应付的人来说具有极其重要的警示作用。哈里斯没有参与这项新研究。

　　哈里斯警告说：“不要以为周末睡个懒觉就能把睡眠补回来，因为根本不是那么回事。”

1 refreshing   

adj.使精神振作的，使人清爽的，使人喜欢的

参考例句：

• I find it'so refreshing to work with young people in this department.我发现和这一部门的青年一起工作令人精神振奋。
• The water was cold and wonderfully refreshing.水很涼，特别解乏提神。

2 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

3 chronically   

ad.长期地

参考例句：

• Similarly, any pigment nevus that is chronically irritated should be excised. 同样，凡是经常受慢性刺激的各种色素痣切勿予以切除。
• People chronically exposed to chlorine develop some degree of tolerance. 人长期接触氯气可以产生某种程度的耐受性。

4 steadily   

adv.稳定地；不变地；持续地

参考例句：

• The scope of man's use of natural resources will steadily grow.人类利用自然资源的广度将日益扩大。
• Our educational reform was steadily led onto the correct path.我们的教学改革慢慢上轨道了。

5 impairs   

v.损害，削弱( impair的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Smoking impairs our health. 吸烟会损害我们的健康。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Almost anything that impairs liver function can cause hepatitis. 任何有损于肝功能的因素，几乎都会引起肝炎。 来自辞典例句

6 deterioration   

n.退化；恶化；变坏

参考例句：

• Mental and physical deterioration both occur naturally with age. 随着年龄的增长，心智和体力自然衰退。
• The car's bodywork was already showing signs of deterioration. 这辆车的车身已经显示出了劣化迹象。

7 ramifications   

n.结果，后果( ramification的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• These changes are bound to have widespread social ramifications. 这些变化注定会造成许多难以预料的社会后果。
• What are the ramifications of our decision to join the union? 我们决定加入工会会引起哪些后果呢？ 来自《简明英汉词典》