巧用还原法快解单选题

 　　在英语的单项填空题中，有许多是针对考生解题的思维定势所设计的“陷阱题”。出题人往往通过变化句子结构，把简单的句子改写成一个少见或陌生的结构，来干扰学生的思路，使学生误入“歧途”。对于这类题考生可以反其道而行之，把题干还原为自己所熟悉的结构。这样，题目就会变得简单，答案也就比较容易判定。具体来说，可采用以下几种方法：

　　一、疑问句改为陈述句

　　疑问句的使用，使句子的结构变得陌生，考生可将题干还原成陈述句。如：

　　1. Whom would you rather have _________ with you?

　　A. to go B. go C. gone D. going

　　分析：将题干还原为陈述句： Would you rather have whom ________ with you. 很容易看出测试的知识点是 have sb. do 结构。答案为 B 。

　　2. Is this factory _________ you visited yesterday?

　　A. that B. which C. the one D. where

　　分析：将题干还原为陈述句： This factory is ___________ you visited yesterday. 很容易看出该句缺先行词，所以选“ the one ”。答案选 C.

　　试比较： Is this the factory _________ you visited yesterday?

　　A. when B. which C. the one D. where

　　分析：将题干还原为陈述句： This is the factory __________ you visited yesterday. 此句缺定语从句的连接词。答案为 B 。

　　二 . 陈述句改为倒装句

　　考生们经常接触的是倒装句，而命题者却有意地使用陈述句来命题。如：

　　We had ______ got home than it began to rain.

　　A. no sooner B. hardly C. almost D. nearly

　　分析：“ no sooner … than ”是考生非常熟悉的一个倒装句型，但命题者却使用了一个陈述句。如果将题干还原为 _________had we got home than it began to rain, 就能很容易地选出答案 A 了。

　　三 . 倒装句改为陈述句

　　On the grass _________ two sheep.

　　A. lies B. lie C. laid D. lying

　　分析：将题干还原为陈述句： Two sheep _________ on the grass. 答案为 B.

　　四 . 去掉从句

　　命题者有时会故意在句子中插入从句造成主谓隔离以增强干扰。如果将从句去掉，题干就会变得很简单。如：

　　1. The young student did all that he could ________ the examinations¹.

　　A. pass B. to pass C. passing D. passed

　　分析： that he could 是一个定语从句。将其去掉就会发现这个句子少了一个目的状语。答案为 B 。

　　2. The days we look forward to ________ at last.

　　A. comes B. to come C. came D. coming

　　分析：本题易被误认为介词 to 的后面要接动名词（即动词 -ing 形式）。实际上 we look forward to 是一个定语从句，介词 to 的宾语为 the days 。去掉这个从句，就可以看出题干中缺少一个谓语。答案为 C 。

　　3. The country life he was used to _________ greatly since the opening policy².

　　A. change B. has changed

　　C. changing D. having changed

　　分析：去掉从句 he was used to ，可以看出本题缺少一个谓语。答案为 B 。

　　五 . 去掉插入语

　　1. Who do you think _________ us a talk this afternoon?

　　A. to give B. gave C. will give D. giving

　　分析： do you think 是插入语，把它去掉，答案也就一目了然了。答案为 C 。

　　2. He believes in himself, ________, in my opinion, is of the most importance.

　　A. that B. which C. what D. as

　　分析：去掉 in my opinion 可知这是一个非限定性定语从句。答案为 B 。

　　3. The manager decided³ to give the job to __________ he believed had a strong sense of duty.

　　A. whomever B. whoever⁴ C. who D. those

　　分析：去掉 he believed ，很容易得出答案 B 。

　　六 . 被动句改为主动句

　　由于被动句的使用，句子的结构相对于主动句不是那么清楚。如果将其改为主动句，句子结构就会变得清楚一些。如：

　　1. Every minute should be made good use of ________ our lessons well.

　　A. learing B. learned⁵ C. to learn D. learns

　　分析：将题干还原为主动句： We should make good use of every minute _________ our lessons well. 可以发现介词 of 有其相应的宾语，其后不能再用动名词作宾语，而应用不定式作目的状语。答案为 C 。

　　2. The little boy was caught _________ in the shop.

　　A. to steal B. stealing C. steal D. stole

　　分析：将题干还原为主动句： The salesman caught the boy _________ in the shop. 很容易看出考查的知识点为 catch sb. doing sth. 答案为 B 。

　　七 . 省略句改为完整句

　　省略句使考生不易看清句子的结构。对于这类试题，可将省略的成分恢复，使句子的结构变得完整而明朗，进而再选择合适的答案。如：

　　1. － How long has this bookshop been in business?

　　－ ______ 1982.

　　A. After B. In C. Since D. From

　　分析：将答语部分补全： This bookshop has been in business ______ 1982. 在所给的选项中只有 since 能与现在完成时连用。答案为 C 。

　　2. － What made her mother so angry?

　　－ ______ the exam.

　　A. Because she didn't pass

　　B. Her not passing

　　C. She didn't

　　D. Because her not passing

　　分析：将答语部分补全： _______ the exam made her mother so angry. 可以看出句子缺少一个主语，而能用作主语的是 B 项，即动名词的复合结构作主语。答案为 B 。

　　八 . 强调句改为一般句

　　It is the protection⁶ for the trees _______ really matters, rather than how many trees are planted.

　　A. what B. that C. / D. which

　　分析：将题干还原为： The protection for the trees really matters, rather than how many trees are planted. 此题为强调句，强调主语。答案为 B 。

1 examinations   

n.检查( examination的名词复数 )；考试；考查；试题

参考例句：

• He had been forced to incriminate himself in cross-examinations. 他在盘问中被迫受到牵连。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Examinations are hanging over her head—that's why she can't sleep at nights. 她大脑里想的都是考试，所以晚上无法入睡。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 policy   

n.政策，方针，保险单

参考例句：

• This policy is very tough.这个政策是很强硬的。
• The country has always pursued a policy of peace.该国一直奉行和平政策。

3 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

4 whoever   

pron.无论谁，不管谁；任何人

参考例句：

• I'll find the person who did this,whoever he is.我要找出干这件事的人，不管他是谁。
• Whoever does best will get the prize.谁做得最出色谁就得奖。

5 learned   

adj.有学问的，博学的；learn的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He went into a rage when he learned about it.他听到这事后勃然大怒。
• In this little village,he passed for a learned man.在这个小村子里，他被视为有学问的人。

6 protection   

n.保护，防卫，保护制度

参考例句：

• The protection of the country is the duty of everyone.保卫国家是每个人的责任。
• The young in our society need care and protection.我们社会的年轻人需要关怀和照顾。