工作压力也分男女：当压力遇上性别差异

 First thing Monday morning, most of us would agree that going to work can be a little depressing.

星期一早上的第一件事就是上班，我们中的大多数人都认为这有点郁闷。

New research out of Canada found that the causes of more serious depression, though, differ along gender¹ lines.

加拿大的一项新研究发现，职场人还有比星期一上班更郁闷的事，不过男女对于这些烦心事的定义各不相同。

Women are more likely to experience job-related depression when they don’t feel appreciated at their jobs or aren’t appropriately rewarded for their efforts and achievements.

当女性感到自己的工作没有受到赏识，或者自己的努力和成绩没有受到相应的奖励时，就会感受到压力。女性的压力来源于与工作相关的事情。

Men are more likely to feel it when they’re also feeling a lot of job strain, defined as “risk to physical and mental health from the stress of facing high psychological workload² demands or pressures combined with low control or decision latitude³ in meeting those demands.”

男性在工作非常紧张的时候，也会有压力。研究人员认为，“男性的工作压力和神经紧张主要来源于处理巨大工作量时产生的心理压力，还有，因处理工作时控制力不够或选择范围小而引发的压力。这些压力会对男性的身心健康产生威胁，从而使他们感到压力重重。”

Interestingly, women don’t interpret job strain the same way. Researchers say that this is only further indication that women aren’t defined by their work achievements like men are, and also point to the work-life balance quandary⁴: Men are more likely to be depressed⁵ when family life interferes⁶ with work life … and women when work life interferes with family.

有趣的是，女性的工作压力不能用以上说法来解释。研究人员表示，这进一步表明了女人的工作压力不像男人，无法用她们的工作成绩解释。研究人员接着又指向职场与家庭的平衡关系：当家庭影响到工作时，男性会感到郁闷，而当工作影响到家庭时，女性则感到抑郁。

Both sexes were more likely to experience depression when worrying about losing their jobs, and women who worked full time were at a greater risk for depression than those who held part-time jobs. Men had a similar risk when working full-time⁷, but only combined with high levels of job strain.

担心失业时，男性和女性都很可能会感到抑郁。并且，和兼职女性比起来，全职女性抑郁几率更大。全职男性也有类似的情绪，但仅仅在很大工作压力情况下。

The new data isn’t too upsetting in itself, but when combined with the chances that workplace stress could kill you, it’s worrisome. So in honor of your mental health, learn how to beat it.

这个数据本身并没有太大问题，但把它和职场压力致死的可能性联系到一起时，就令人忧心忡忡了。因此，为了你的心理健康，要学会克服这种情绪。

1 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

2 workload   

n.作业量，工作量

参考例句：

• An assistant one day a week would ease my workload.每周有一天配一个助手就会减轻我的工作负担。
• He's always grousing about the workload.他总是抱怨工作量大。

3 latitude   

n.纬度，行动或言论的自由(范围)，(pl.)地区

参考例句：

• The latitude of the island is 20 degrees south.该岛的纬度是南纬20度。
• The two cities are at approximately the same latitude.这两个城市差不多位于同一纬度上。

4 quandary   

n.困惑，进迟两难之境

参考例句：

• I was in a quandary about whether to go.我当时正犹豫到底去不去。
• I was put in a great quandary.我陷于进退两难的窘境。

5 depressed   

adj.沮丧的，抑郁的，不景气的，萧条的

参考例句：

• When he was depressed,he felt utterly divorced from reality.他心情沮丧时就感到完全脱离了现实。
• His mother was depressed by the sad news.这个坏消息使他的母亲意志消沉。

6 interferes   

vi. 妨碍，冲突，干涉

参考例句：

• The noise interferes with my work. 这噪音妨碍我的工作。
• That interferes with my plan. 那干扰了我的计划。

7 full-time   

adj.满工作日的或工作周的，全时间的

参考例句：

• A full-time job may be too much for her.全天工作她恐怕吃不消。
• I don't know how she copes with looking after her family and doing a full-time job.既要照顾家庭又要全天工作，我不知道她是如何对付的。